This work proposes a compact 3-bit frequency-reconfigurable monopole antenna covering a broad reconfigurable range by inserting a switchable three-line section (STLS). The design starts with a conventional quarter-wavelength monopole line antenna, which is then replaced by a novel structure, the STLS. The STLS is composed of three parallel-connected lines with different lengths. Accordingly, three RF p–i–n diodes are introduced in the STLS to achieve binary reconfiguration. After all parameters of the antenna have been optimized, it will eventually output 2N = 8 (N is the number of switches) independent working states with different equivalent lengths and a reconfigurable working frequency. The number of states in a binary reconfigurable antenna is optimally large in relation to the number of switches used, which means that it can be extremely convenient for digital control of switching all the states and capable of decreasing the number of RF p–i–n diodes we used, thereby minimizing the manufacturing cost and loss of diodes. A prototype antenna is fabricated and tested, and the measurement results agree well with the simulation results, validating the good features, such as a large reconfigurable switchable frequency range from 0.95 GHz to 2.45 GHz with considerable working bandwidth varying from 40 MHz to 540 MHz for each state, simple structure, and a compact size of 70 × 40 mm2, which can be appropriately used for a multi-radio wireless system and handheld devices. All the states have a similar monopole radiation pattern with a good maximum efficiency and an acceptable peak gain according to its compact size.
A novel 3-bit frequency-reconfigurable antenna (FRA) with miniaturized dimensions is realized with a meander line. The frequency reconfiguration of the antenna is achieved by introducing N RF p-i-n diodes into the meander line. The related parts of the meander line with different lengths are bypassed or included into the antenna by switching on or off the diodes, resulting in 2N switchable size lengths of the antenna and equally spaced operating frequencies. A 3-bit meander-line reconfigurable antenna (N=3) is designed, and the simulated and measured results agree well. The antenna provides 23=8 independent switchable states, with the operating frequencies covering a wide switchable frequency range from 1.04 GHz to 1.51 GHz and the working bandwidths varying from 80 MHz to 150 MHz. The number of working states is optimally large, considering the number of switches used. Besides, this work has an acceptable peak gain of 1.59 dBi regarding the miniaturized total dimension of 0.17 λ × 0.07 λ (λ is the wavelength of the lowest working frequency), which is more compact than many published FRAs.
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