The price of light aromatics, which are important chemical
intermediates,
is greatly affected by fluctuations in the oil market, and there is
a gap in the supply. It is urgent to expand the source of aromatics
to match the market demand. Being highly accessible, oxygen-free aromatization
of light alkanes (C1–C4), with high product
selectivity and high cost-effectiveness, has attracted widespread
interest from both academia and industry. However, the rapid deactivation
of catalysts due to carbon deposition has seriously hindered the industrialization
process. This Review presents the bifaciality of coke on catalysts
and proposes a coke formation mechanism related to the dynamic migration
of intermediates according to the type of catalyst active site. An
emphasis is placed on creating a reaction microenvironment that resists
carbon deposition by improving the mass-transfer efficiency, controlling
the interaction between intermediates and active sites, adjusting
silanol defects, and looking forward to future directions for development.
Capsule catalysts offer a unique spatial confinement effect, which effectively minimizes byproduct formation, enhances catalyst life, and promotes tandem reactions, thus reducing energy, time, and raw material consumption. This review presents an overview of recent advances and research progress in capsule catalysts, highlighting major breakthroughs in preparation strategies over the past decade. Innovative synthesis methods are discussed based on synthesis principles, difficulty, and effectiveness, along with an analysis of growth mechanisms and the advantages and disadvantages of zeolite shells. Application status of capsule catalysts in high‐value hydrocarbon synthesis from syngas, low‐carbon alkane dehydroaromatization, and CO2 hydrogenation reactions is explored. Finally, challenges and future prospects for scientific research and industrial applications of capsule catalysts are addressed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.