As a strong and effective alternative to disposable food boxes that cause serious pollution consequences, reusable takeaway containers are promising in terms of environmental protection. However, at present, in the service process of leasing, using, distribution, and recycling, reusable takeaway containers have many problems, such as incomplete cleaning, resulting in unhygienic conditions, repeated use of materials that are not safe enough, food spillage, leakage or theft of customer phone and address information due to exposed takeaway order labels, and wrong containers taken by customers. In addition, there is a lack of objective and comprehensive evaluation methods and systems to guide their design and improvement. In order to solve the current problems of reusable takeaway containers and explore a quantitative approach for evaluation of design solutions from the perspective of users, this paper analyzed user behaviors and needs through user interviews, questionnaires, user journey maps (UJM), and other methods. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) were used to construct an evaluation model for the design of reusable takeaway containers, and it was calculated as a function of the survey dataset. The comprehensive index weight model was established, and the design indicators were sorted to obtain the priority of design elements. Three design schemes were proposed and calculated by combining questionnaire data and the FCE method to obtain the optimal Scheme B. The results showed that the combination of UJM and AHP–FCE method framework was suitable for scheme evaluation and design development, which could provide effective and detailed user evaluation for designers and guide the direction of product improvement.
Most modern products need be designed to operate without failure for years, decades, or longer. The traditional approach to reliability design and analysis is based on commercial reliability models or the knowledge from the company's designer. Because the traditional reliability design and analysis method is not relevant to product design parameters, it has inherent limitations. So it does not solve the problem about higher reliable product. In order to achieve higher reliable product, a new reliability design and analysis method need be investigated during the product development lifecycle. At the same time, in today's context of global competition, manufacturers are facing greater challenges than ever before. Customers demand more complex and reliable products to be developed with shorter lead times and more cost effectiveness; Environmental and regulatory constraints as well as market expectations demand more efficient product behavior. In order to provide the customer with equipment that works when needed and continues operating for a defined period of time, manufacturers need to better understand materials and process conditions, and their effects on product reliability. Finding new reliability design and analysis method to address the challenges that we face during the product development lifecycle is needed. In this paper, first, using the geometric data, material data and structure data provided by the geometric digital prototype of the product, we analyses the component reliability of the product by structure simulation based on physics of failure theory. Then taking the results of structure simulation as inputs to the functional digital prototype and digital performance prototype, we analyze the product reliability by functional simulation. It is shown that this new reliability design and analysis method can enhance the product reliability by addressing the root cause mechanisms and driving forces responsible for product failures.
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