The development and application of whole genome sequencing technology has greatly broadened our horizons on the capabilities of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). LncRNAs are more than 200 nucleotides in length and lack protein-coding potential. Increasing evidence indicates that lncRNAs exert an irreplaceable role in tumor initiation, progression, as well as metastasis, and are novel molecular biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients. Furthermore, lncRNAs and the pathways they influence might represent promising therapeutic targets for a number of tumors. Here, we discuss the recent advances in understanding of the specific regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs. We focused on the signal, decoy, guide, and scaffold functions of lncRNAs at the epigenetic, transcription, and post-transcription levels in cancer cells. Additionally, we summarize the research strategies used to investigate the roles of lncRNAs in tumors, including lncRNAs screening, lncRNAs characteristic analyses, functional studies, and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs. This review will provide a short but comprehensive description of the lncRNA functions in tumor development and progression, thus accelerating the clinical implementation of lncRNAs as tumor biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

ObjectiveTo investigate the root and canal morphology of permanent mandibular anterior teeth in a Chongqing population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).MethodsCBCT images of 1,725 patients in a Chongqing population were selected, and a total of 9,646 mandibular anterior teeth were analyzed. The number of root canals and the canal configurations were investigated.ResultsIn total, 0.3% (11/3,257) of lateral incisors and 0.8% (26/3,014) of canines had double roots, and 3.8% (127/3,375) of central incisors, 10.6% (345/3,257) of lateral incisors, and 4.2% (127/3,014) of canines had multi-root canals. The difference in the incidence of multi-canals in lateral incisors between female and male was statistically significant. The frequency of multi-canals in the different age groups was 5.0% for central incisors for ages 21–30 years, 14.7% for lateral incisors for ages 41–50 years, and 8.1% for canines for ages 41–50 years.ConclusionWith the limitations of the current study, we found that a high percentage of mandibular anterior teeth had multiple canals in the studied Chinese Chongqing population. The current data may provide clinicians practicing in Chongqing with a more thorough understanding of root canal morphology.

Expanding ring under green electricity: The electrosynthetic approach enabled atom-economical synthesis of challenging medium-sized lactams through a unique remote amidyl migration under exceedingly mild, transition metal- and oxidant-free conditions.

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The electrochemical thiocyanation/cyclization of aldehyde hydrazones was developed under external oxidant-free and catalyst-free conditions. In contrast to previous thiocyanation, this electrosynthetic approach enabled a cascade C-H thiocyanation/cyclization through a mild, direct electrolysis manner in an undivided cell without the additive of halogens and stoichiometric oxidants. In this protocol, commercially available and inexpensive sodium thiocyanate was used, which played a dual role as a thiocyanation reagent and electrolyte. This strategy provides expedient access to functionalized sulfur-containing triazolium inner salts with ample scope and diverse functional group tolerance. Based on the findings of mechanistic studies, a reaction mechanism was proposed.

The electrochemical phosphorylation of aldehyde hydrazones has been developed under exogenous oxidant-free conditions. The strategy provides expedient access to highly functionalized α-iminophosphine oxides with ample scope and broad functional group tolerance by means of mild, user-friendly electrolysis, in an undivided cell.

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