Background Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is one of the most frequent retinal vascular diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the predictive factors of visual outcome for RVO patients who underwent anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. Methods RVO patients who underwent anti-VEGF treatment were recruited in this study from January 2018 to June 2020. Clinical data and optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters were retrospectively reviewed. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was examined at baseline and after anti-VEGF therapy. Predictive factors associated with visual outcome were assessed by logistic regression model. Treatment-related adverse events were also recorded. Results The average logMAR BCVA was 0.91 at baseline and 0.70 at final examination (P = 0.003). Among 75 patients, 41 experienced visual improvement were categorized as group A, the remaining 34 patients without improved vision were categorized as group B. Patients in group A demonstrated better visual outcomes, including decreased logMAR BCVA (average logMAR BCVA: 0.53 in group A vs. 0.91 in group B, P < 0.001) and central retinal thickness (CRT) (average CRT: 230.88 µm in group A vs. 404.97 µm in group B, P < 0.001) after anti-VEGF treatment. Multivariable analysis showed that injection frequency (odds ratio [OR], 2.623; 95% confidence interval [CI], [1.282–5.366]), hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 0.189; 95% CI [0.044–0.811]), hyperlipemia (odds ratio [OR], 0.195; 95% CI [0.040–0.941]) and external limiting membrane (ELM) disruption (odds ratio [OR], 0.148; 95% CI [0.032–0.691]) were all significantly associated with the visual outcome of RVO patients who underwent anti-VEGF treatment. In general, anti-VEGF therapy was feasible for all RVO patients, though the response to anti-VEGF was suboptimal in certain patients. Prognostic factors including injection frequency, hypertension, hyperlipemia and ELM disruption may all be useful to provide predictive information of visual outcome of RVO patients in response to anti-VEGF treatment.
The Yangtze River Economic Belt, as an inland economic zone with global influence, has shown a trend of prosperous economic development in recent years. In 2020, the total population of the Yangtze River Economic Belt accounted for nearly 50% of China's total population, and the GDP has reached 471,580 billion yuan. With economy developing, water pollution, resource depletion and many other environmental problems continue to emerge. Steady state of water ecological environment is an important part of ecological security. In order to investigate the regional water ecological security state, this study constructs a comprehensive evaluation indicator system with the framework of "Driving force-Carrying source-State-Management" (DCSM). The entropy weight method is used to determine the weight of each indicator, and then the weighted rank sum ratio model is introduced to classify the water ecological environment of Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2019. Finally, the adversarial interpretative structure model is used to refine the ranking of each region. The results show that (1) The overall state of water ecology in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is at a medium level, with different regional divergent shortcomings in the upper, middle and lower basins. (2) Regional differences are obvious. The overall performance of the upper reaches is stronger than the middle and lower reaches and it can also founded that Zhejiang and Jiangsu present certain particularities which can be concluded as follow: the regions which consider traditional industrialization as the main development path perform worse. (3) It can be seen that from the sub-system level, the carrying state and water ecological management sub-system is highly correlated with the quality of water ecological environment. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to pay attention to the overall water ecological safety in the basin and promote the sustainable development of water ecology. KeywordsWater ecological environment • The entropy weight method • The weighted rank sum ratio model • The adversarial interpretative structure model • Evaluation • The Yangtze River Economic Belt
With accelerated urbanisation, continued growth in water demand and the external pressure of water demand from the South–North Water Transfer Project, agricultural water use in Jiangsu is facing a critical situation. Therefore, it is important to explore the spatial and temporal variation in agricultural water use efficiency in order to clarify the pathway for improving agricultural water use efficiency. Firstly, the Super-Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) model was utilized to measure agricultural water use efficiency in Jiangsu Province, China, from 2011 to 2020, and secondly, a fixed-effects model was used to investigate agricultural water use efficiency and the factors influencing it in 13 prefectures in Jiangsu Province in both time and space. The results show that (1) the overall value of agricultural water use efficiency in Jiangsu Province is below 1, which means that agricultural water use efficiency in Jiangsu Province is low and far from the effective boundary, and there is more room for improvement in agricultural water use efficiency; (2) a total of 92% of prefectures in Jiangsu Province have input redundancy, which seriously inhibits the progress of agricultural water use efficiency in Jiangsu Province, among which the redundancy of total agricultural machinery power and agricultural water use is the highest; (3) Regarding total factor productivity and its decomposition index for agricultural use in Jiangsu Province, in the time dimension, the number of professional and technical personnel inputs has a positive impact on agricultural water use efficiency. In the spatial dimension, the number of professional and technical personnel inputs, industrial structure and arable land area have a positive impact on improving regional agricultural water use efficiency, among which the industrial structure has a smaller contribution to agricultural water use efficiency.
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