An easy handling infrared measurement, grazing angle mirror-backed reflection (GMBR), has been established to analyze the silicon-based organic monolayer. Theoretical prediction gave the optimal configuration with p-polarized irradiation near a grazing angle 78.1 degrees of incidence. Experimental measurement of hydrogen-terminated, undecylenic acid (UA) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) functionalized silicon (111) surfaces showed good signal peaks and reproducibility.
With
the rapid advances in functional optoelectronics, the research
on carbon-based materials and devices has become increasingly important
at the terahertz frequency range owing to their advantages in terms
of weight, cost, and freely bendable flexibility. Here, we report
an effective material and device design for a terahertz plasmonic
metasurface sensor (PMS) based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNT metasurfaces
based on silicon wafers have been prepared and obvious resonant transmission
peaks are observed experimentally. The enhanced resonant peaks of
transmission spectra are attributed to the surface plasmon polariton
resonance, and the transmission peaks are further well explained by
the Fano model. Furthermore, the different concentration gradients
of pesticides (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic and chlorpyrifos solutions)
have been detected by the designed PMSs, showing the lowest detection
mass of 10 ng and the sensitivities of 1.38 × 10–2/ppm and 2.0 × 10–3/ppm, respectively. Good
linear relationships between transmission amplitude and pesticide
concentration and acceptable reliability and stability have been obtained.
These materials and device strategies provide opportunities for novel
terahertz functional devices such as sensors, detectors, and wearable
terahertz imagers.
Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) can be used to cement coral sand to improve its engineering properties to protect coastal structures. In this study, a series of laboratory tests were conducted to test the effect of the MICP method by using an ureolytic bacterium (Sporosarcina pasteurii). In order to determine the activity of bacteria, the growth properties of the microbial strain were observed under different culture conditions (different pH and temperature). The effect of partial size distribution and nutrient concentration on the soil permeability and unconfined compressive strength was then examined in coral sand. The results showed that the pH had less effect on the bacteria growth compared to temperature. The bacteria can growth well at pH over 8 and temperature higher than 20°C. The well-degraded soil has higher unconfined compressive strength (1.91–2.61 MPa) than poor-degraded soil (1.31 MPa). The similar trend was also found in permeability reduction. The unconfined compressive strength increased as the biocement solution concentration increased to 1 mol/L and then decreased at 1.5 mol/L.
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