The thermal expansion and the Curie temperature of Gd2Fe16.5Cr0.5 compound have been investigated by means of x-ray diffraction and magnetization measurements. The result shows that the Gd2Fe16.5Cr0.5 compound annealed at 1243°C has a hexagonal Th2Ni17-type structure. Cr atom substituting for Fe atom can increase the Curie temperature obviously. In magnetic state, an anisotropic anomolous thermal expansion was observed. Along the c-axis, the average linear thermal expansion coefficient αc=-2.79×10-6/K in the temperature range 294-472K, and αc =-3.09×10-5/K in 472-592K. Along the a-axis, the average linear thermal expansion coefficient αa =9.22×10-6/K in 294-552K, and αa =-1.41×10-5/K in 552-592K. In the temperature range 472-592K, the average volume thermal expansion coefficient αv =-2.14×10-5/K. The mechanism of the thermal expansion anomaly of Gd2Fe16.5Cr0.5 compound was discussed in this paper.
A hapten of metsulfuron‐methyl was successfully designed and synthesized from 2‐methylester‐phenylsulfonamide and succinic anhydride, and the polyclonal antibody against metsulfuron‐methyl was prepared by immunization procedure with the hapten–bovine serum albumin conjugate. A stable and sensitive direct competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (dcELISA) method had been developed under the optimal conditions. The sensitivity (IC50) was 37.03 ± 1.87 µg/L, and the detection line (IC15) was 1.57 ± 0.11 µg/L. Rice, wheat, oat, flaxseed, milk, and water were chosen to study the recovery test and the recovery rates were 83.11%–117.44% . The matrix effect was eliminated by a simple dilution of the sample extracts. The results from dcELISA were well agreement with the results from HPLC–MS. It was indicated that the developed method had good accuracy and stability. It could be applied for the detection of metsulfuron‐methyl residues. It was worth mentioning that the antibody could recognize metsulfuron‐methyl and tribenuron‐methyl with cross‐reactivities of 100% and 49.72%, respectively. In order to understand the cross‐reactivity, molecular modeling including molecular alignment and electrostatic potential surfaces were introduced. It was found that the special group of metsulfuron‐methyl played an important role, especially on C3 position of the phenyl group. Practical Application A stable, sensitive, and low‐cost dc ELISA method had been developed with good accuracy and applied in the determination of metsulfuron‐methyl in foods. Molecular simulation was introduced to understand the specificity between the antibody and the analyst. It was a good method to study the cross‐reactivity between the antibody and the analyst or analogue.
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