Fabric-based flexible electronics have promising applications in biomedicine, soft robots, and human–machine interfaces. However, fabrication of flexible electronics on fabrics in a high throughput and scalable manner without significantly sacrificing the benefits of fabrics is still a challenge. To address this, a laser direct writing (LDW)-based technique is developed for the mask-free fabrication of flexible electronics on fabrics. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is chosen as the precursor for the carbon electrode formed by LDW on the fabrics because CMC is water soluble, which is convenient to be processed and able to be mixed with inorganic precursors to form composites. Flexible pressure sensor based on LDW-carbonized CMC (CCMC) has a sensitivity of −0.25 kPa–1 within 5 kPa, response time of 0.5 s, and detectable limit of 140 Pa. The specific capacitance of the LDW prepared Mo x O y /CCMC electrode is 12.8 mF/cm2. The LDW Mo x O y /CCMC composite-based flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor has a capacitance of 1.095 mF/cm2, with a high flexibility and mechanical durability.
Manganese dioxide and its derivatives are widely used as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. To achieve the environmentally friendly, simple, and effective material synthesis requirements, the laser direct writing method is utilized to pyrolyze the MnCO 3 /carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) precursors to MnO 2 /carbonized CMC (LP-MnO 2 /CCMC) in a one-step and mask-free way successfully. Here, CMC is utilized as the combustion-supporting agent to promote the conversion of MnCO 3 into MnO 2 . The selected materials have the following advantages: (1) MnCO 3 is soluble and can be converted into MnO 2 with the promotion of a combustion-supporting agent. (2) CMC is an eco-friendly and soluble carbonaceous material, which is widely used as the precursor and combustion-supporting agent; (3) the redundant part of the MnCO 3 /CMC precursor can be removed by deionized water, which is simple and convenient. The different mass ratios of MnCO 3 and CMC-induced LP-MnO 2 /CCMC(R1) and LP-MnO 2 /CCMC(R1/5) composites are investigated in the electrochemical performance toward electrodes, respectively. The LP-MnO 2 /CCMC(R1/5)-based electrode showed the high specific capacitance of 74.2 F/g (at the current density of 0.1 A/g) and good electrical durability for 1000 times charging−discharging cycles. Simultaneously, the sandwich-like supercapacitor which was assembled by LP-MnO 2 /CCMC(R1/5) electrodes presents the maximum specific capacitance of 49.7 F/g at the current density of 0.1 A/g. Moreover, the LP-MnO 2 /CCMC(R1/5)-based energy supply system is used to light a light-emitting diode, which demonstrates the great potential of LP-MnO 2 /CCMC(R1/5)-based supercapacitors for power devices.
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