CeO2 with abundant surface Ov was prepared for direct CH4 photocatalytic conversion. Both high C1 product yield and selectivity of 3.88 mmol (gcat h)−1 and 97.73% were obtained.
Zinc oxide (ZnO) films were prepared on aluminum substrate by a hydrothermal method to investigate the effect of their surface characteristics, including morphology and hydrophobicity, on the corresponding antibiofilm performance. The surface characteristics of the prepared ZnO films were examined by a comprehensive range of methodologies, suggesting that films of distinctive surface morphologies were successfully formed. Subsequently, their antibiofilm activities, using Shewanella putrefaciens as a model bacterium, were assessed. Surface measurements confirmed that the ZnO films equipped with a nanoscopic needlelike surface feature are more hydrophobic than those possessing densely packed microflakes. The reduced number of live cells and presence of biofilm, confirmed by optical and electron microscopy results, suggest that the former films possess an excellent antibiofilm performance. It is believed that the engineered nanoscopic needle feature might penetrate the cell membrane when they are in contact, allowing the effective substance of ZnO antibacterial ingredients to diffuse into the embedded bacteria. Furthermore, such surface characteristics might perturb the integrity of the cell membrane causing the intracellular substance is leaked from the cells. As such, the combinatorial effects of nanoscopic feature resulted in an inhibited growth of S. putrefaciens biofilm on ZnO film.
An analytical model for a dual-material control-gate (DMCG) tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) is presented for the first time in this paper, and the influence of the mobile charges on the potential profile is taken into account. On the basis of the potential profile, the lateral electric field is derived and the expression for the drain current is obtained by integrating the band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) generation rate applicable to low-bandgap and high-bandgap materials over the tunneling region. The model also predicts the impacts of the control-gate work function on the potential and drain current. The advantage of this work is that it not only offers physical insight into device physics but also provides the basic designing guideline for DMCG TFETs, enabling the designer to optimize the device in terms of the on-state current, the on–off current ratio, and suppressed ambipolar behavior. Very good agreements for both the potential and drain current are observed between the model calculations and the simulated results.
A novel composite of N-doped TiO 2 -quantum dots tightly anchored on graphene (denoted as N-doped TiO 2 -QDs@GP) with superior interfacial contact via C-Ti bond was synthesized via the simple one-pot vapor-thermal method. The as-obtained N-doped TiO 2 -QDs@GP includes TiO 2 QDs with an average size of 3.28 nm uniformly distributed on the surface of GP. The large specific area and superior interfacial contact via C-Ti bond ensured its potential photocatalytic application. Except for the effective interfacial charge transfer achieved via C-Ti chemical bond between TiO 2 QDs and GP, its enhanced visible light absorption and larger oxygen vacancy ratio also make contributions. Electron spin resonance spectra (ESR) were used to study the photocatalytic mechanism, which proved the participation of both superoxide radical (ÁO 2 À ) and hydroxyl radical (ÁOH) in the photocatalytic reactions. This work provides a promising one-pot method for constructing intimately contacted N-doped TiO 2 /GP composite with superior interfacial contact via C-Ti bond and excellent photocatalytic activities.
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