In this paper, we designed a 8 degrees of freedom (DOFs) haptic device for applications in minimally invasive surgical robot. The device can provide three translational, three rotational and a grasping motion and force feedback capability. It is composed of three parts, including an arm mechanism, a redundant wrist mechanism and a grasper mechanism. The kinematics and gravity compensation algorithms are also detailed in the paper. In addition, the haptic device and a slave surgical robot for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) developed by our lab are integrated as a master-slave surgical robotic system in this paper. In the master-slave robotic system, a new control system is designed to realize real-time mater-slave control based on EtherCAT bus technology. Experiments show that the haptic device can effectively compensate gravity at any position in its workspace and successfully realize master-slave operation by the control method, which prove the haptic device designed in this paper can be used as a master manipulator to control the surgical robot.
A novel separate robotic system for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been presented in this paper. Control system architectures were designed, basing on versatile performance criteria. The compact control and mechanical structure were suitable for medical environment. Function and safety design satisfying medical application were integrated into the robot system as well. Additionally, intuitive control algorithm solved the problems of hand-eye incoordination and workspace mismatch between master hands and slave arms during the master-slave control process. A series of experiments have been accomplished to evaluate the performance of the robotic system at last. The results demonstrated that the robotic system was capable of executing surgical operation intuitively and implementing auxiliary functions perfectly, which meant that the control system was feasible and reliable.
The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China ABSTRACT Robot-assisted systems can enhance the precision of surgical procedures, and have been widely used in minimally invasive surgery (MIS). This paper proposes the master-slave real-time control strategy for a novel surgical robot for MIS. The robot is equipped with two instrument manipulators and one laparoscope manipulator. The control strategy solves problems of kinematics transformation on consistency principle, intra-operative re-mapping and tremor attenuation in real-time. The kinematics model of slave instrument manipulators is established, and the master-slave control method in Cartesian space is proposed. Intra-operative re-mapping and real-time tremor attenuation algorithms are also proposed as auxiliary functions to improve surgical robot's performance. The proposed methods are verified by respective experiments. Finally, animal experiment is performed to verify the correctness and efficiency of the control strategy in this research.
Background: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) based on computer and robot-assisted technology is becoming more and more popular. Methods: Intuitive motion control implemented by kinematic algorithm of the slave manipulator based on the 3D Display (DD) is proposed to eliminate absonant hand-eye coordination, kinematic dissimilarity and workspace mismatch of the master-slave manipulator and is applied in the novel minimally invasive surgical (MIS) robot developed in our lab. Forward and inverse kinematics of MIS robot are analyzed based on the screw theory. The kinematic algorithm of MIS robot based on the DD is achieved. Results: The trajectory tracking results that the movement trends between the master and slave manipulators consistently validate the effectiveness of forward and inverse kinematics. The simulation results of the kinematic algorithm by virtue of Simulink and SimMechanics sub-modules of the MATLAB and intuitive control experiment that the root mean square error of cumulative position increments is less than 0.5 mm validate effectiveness of intuitive control algorithm. Conclusion: Successful animal experiments furthermore validate the effectiveness of intuitive control algorithm.
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