LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 has been prepared by solid-state reaction as a novel positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. The structural evolution of the material with charge potential is studied using X-ray diffraction. The electrochemical performance of this material is investigated using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling. The formation and composition of the solid electrolyte interphase layer on the material are studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy at various potentials and compared with those formed under other conditions. These studies lead to questions of compatibility between the electrode and the electrolyte components and the necessity of surface modification to the electrode material.
Layer-structured LiMn 0.5Ϫx Co 2x Ni 0.5Ϫx O 2 was prepared as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. The structures of the layered materials and the oxidation states of the elements in the compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Adsorbed oxygen was detected on the surface of material. With the increase of Co content in LiMn 0.5Ϫx Co 2x Ni 0.5Ϫx O 2 , the oxidation state of Ni, Mn, Co, and O became higher gradually while the amount of oxygen adsorbed on the surface of LiMn 0.5Ϫx Co 2x Ni 0.5Ϫx O 2 grains reduced obviously. Electrochemical evaluation showed that addition of Co in LiMn 0.5Ϫx Co 2x Ni 0.5Ϫx O 2 is beneficial to its rate performance. The variations of the electronic structure of Ni, Mn, and O may be responsible for the improvement of the rate capability in LiMn 0.5Ϫx Co 2x Ni 0.5Ϫx O 2 with addition of Co.
The tendon-bone interface (TBI) in rotator cuffs exhibits a structural and compositional gradient integrated through the fibrocartilaginous transition. Owing to restricted healing capacity, functional regeneration of the TBI is considered a great clinical challenge. Here, we establish a novel therapeutic platform based on 3D cell-printing and tissue-specific bioinks to achieve spatially-graded physiology for functional TBI regeneration. The 3D cell-printed TBI patch constructs are created via a spatial arrangement of cell-laden tendon and bone-specific bioinks in a graded manner, approximating a multi-tissue fibrocartilaginous interface. This TBI patch offers a cell favorable microenvironment, including high cell viability, proliferative capacity, and zonal-specific differentiation of encapsulated stem cells for TBI formation in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo application of spatially-graded TBI patches with stem cells demonstrates their regenerative potential, indicating that repair with 3D cell-printed TBI patch significantly accelerates and promotes TBI healing in a rat chronic tear model. Therefore, our findings propose a new therapeutic strategy for functional TBI regeneration using 3D cell-printing and tissue-specific decellularized extracellular matrix bioink-based approach.
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