Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS), proposed by Yager (2013), is a generalization of the notion of Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy set, which has received more and more attention. In this paper, first, we define the weighted Minkowski distance with interval‐valued PFSs. Second, inspired by the idea of the Pythagorean fuzzy linguistic variables, we define a new fuzzy variable called interval‐valued Pythagorean fuzzy linguistic variable set (IVPFLVS), and the operational laws, score function, accuracy function, comparison rules, and distance measures of the IVPFLVS are defined. Third, some aggregation operators are presented for aggregating the interval‐valued Pythagorean fuzzy linguistic information such as the interval‐valued Pythagorean fuzzy linguistic weighted averaging (IVPFLWA), interval‐valued Pythagorean fuzzy linguistic ordered weighted averaging (IVPFLOWA) , interval‐valued Pythagorean fuzzy linguistic hybrid averaging, and generalized interval‐valued Pythagorean fuzzy linguistic ordered weighted average operators. Fourth, some desirable properties of the IVPFLWA and IVPFLOWA operators, such as monotonicity, commutativity, and idempotency, are discussed. Finally, based on the IVPFLWA or interval‐valued Pythagorean fuzzy linguistic geometric weighted operator, a practical example is provided to illustrate the application of the proposed approach and demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.
Hesitant fuzzy sets, as a new generalized type of fuzzy set, has attracted scholars’ attention due to their powerfulness in expressing uncertainty and vagueness. In this paper, motivated by the idea of Einstein operation, we develop a family of hesitant fuzzy Einstein aggregation operators, such as the hesitant fuzzy Einstein Choquet ordered averaging operator, hesitant fuzzy Einstein Choquet ordered geometric operator, hesitant fuzzy Einstein prioritized weighted average operator, hesitant fuzzy Einstein prioritized weighted geometric operator, hesitant fuzzy Einstein power weighted average operator, and hesitant fuzzy Einstein power weighted geometric operator. And we also study some desirable properties and generalized forms of these operators. Then, we apply these operators to deal with multiple attribute group decision making under hesitant fuzzy environments. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the practicality and validity of the proposed method.
This paper considers tripartite games in a dual-channel supply chain which involves a manufacturer, an offline retailer and an online retailer. Both competition and cooperation issues are analyzed. In the competition model, a Stackelberg game between the manufacturer and two retailers and a Bertrand game between two retailers occur simultaneously. It is shown that the channel which attracts more consumers’ purchase preference is charged a higher wholesale price and it meanwhile declares a higher sales price. In the presence of revenue sharing, cooperation issues between the three participants are studied and the change of the revenue of each participant is analyzed when partial cooperation exists. Further, the definition of the optimum two-player coalition is proposed. We demonstrate that the channel which attracts more preference of consumers is definitely in the optimum coalition. The structure of the two-player coalition is analyzed. Finally, under revenue sharing and cost apportionments, the change of each participant’s profit is examined.
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