for the help with data collection and training. I also want to thank all the friends I met at Clemson and Roger C. Peace. You made this academic journey so enjoyable.

Three-dimensionals eismic dataa ndvisualization arethe keyelements ofarapid technological evolution inthe remotesensingofthe subsurface thathasresulted ingeoscientists movingfrom beingdatapoor to datarich.The proliferation insubsurface datahasprofoundly affected the oilexploration andproduction industry inthe last two decades. Most notably ithasradically improved our ability to predictwhatliesbeneaththe Earth's surface and, hence, reduce riskinexploration andproduction. One-dimensionaldata(wells) weresupplemented by2Ddata(seismic sections andmaps) inthe 1950s andby 3Dseismic datafrom the 1970s onwards. However,the evolution up to thispoint essentially dealt withastatic Earthwithout the fourthdimension-time.Morerecently camethe advent ofrecordingchangesinthe subsurface dueto hydrocarbon extraction overtime, withthe useoftime-lapse4Dsurveying. Therea rea lso now morerefined imagingtechniquess uch asm ulti-component (4C)andsinglesensor recording.The resultinge xplosion ofi nformation hasl ed to challengingquestions ast ohow geoscientists can interactwiththe datato collaborateandcommunicatemoree ffectively int hisnewdata-richworld. The breadthofinfluence of3Dseismic dataandvisualization inearthsciencesislikely to be farwiderthanthe oilandgasindustry. CollaborativeVisualization Environments(CVEs) arealreadybeingused inuniversitiesand 3Dseismic dataarealso beingused asaresearch tool inmany unrelated earthscience disciplines. The next step will be the establishment ofCVEsatschools andcollegesfor teachingthe next generation ofearthscientists.

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