In this paper, a second-order nonlinear recursive sequence M ( h , i ) is studied. By using this sequence, the properties of the power series, and the combinatorial methods, some interesting symmetry identities of the structural properties of balancing numbers and balancing polynomials are deduced.
<abstract><p>The main purpose of this paper is using the elementary methods and the number of the solutions of some congruence equations to study the calculating problem of the fourth power mean of one special two-term exponential sums, and give an exact calculating formula for it.</p></abstract>
In this paper, we use the elementary methods and properties of classical Gauss sums to study the calculation problems of some mean values of character sums of special polynomials, and obtained several interesting calculation formulae for them. As an application, we give a criterion for determining that 2 is the cubic residue for any odd prime p.
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