With the increasing penetration of distributed photovoltaics (PVs), the operation and control of distribution networks (DNs), especially voltage control, have become more complicated. To deal with the voltage violation problem caused by large-scale PV access, this paper presents a fully distributed optimization method that combines the alternative direction multiplier method (ADMM) with the branch and bound method (BBM) for regional DNs. The total cost of active power losses and PV generation losses is minimized by making full use of the voltage regulation resources, e.g., reactive power compensators, step voltage regulators (SVR), and PV inverters, and the ADMM is employed to realize the intra-regional optimization and interregional coordination. To overcome the non-convex problem that is introduced by the SVR, the constraints of real-value tap positions are reformulated as linear inequality constraints of boundary voltages and added to the original problem, then the integer optimal solutions of SVR tap positions are obtained by BBM. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified via numerical simulations on a practical 32-bus DN in China and a modified IEEE123-bus system. INDEX TERMS Active distribution networks, distributed optimization, voltage control, step voltage regulator.
High penetration of distributed photovoltaics (PVs) has caused severe voltage violation problem in distribution networks. In view of the actual situations, this paper proposes a coordinated optimization method for distributed PVs clusters considering inadequate measurement data. Based on pivotal measurement data, each cluster firstly uses network simplification method to obtain a simplified network with complete measurement information. And then each cluster implements coordinated optimization with adjacent clusters to minimize its network losses, PVs generation losses and voltage violation amount of downstream cluster. The coordinated optimization includes two stages, i.e. evaluating voltage regulation capability of intra-cluster reactive power resources and implementing cluster autonomous optimization control. These two stages can use the reactive power resources of upstream clusters to solve the voltage violation of downstream clusters, which avoids unnecessary generation losses of distributed PVs. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method are demonstrated via simulation tests on a real 10kV feeder in China and modified IEEE 123-bus system. Compared with distributed optimization method, the proposed coordinated optimization requires much less calculation time and communication data between clusters.
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