As few odorous molecules in a gas mixture make a great contribution to its odor intensity, autograding in odor intensity is the key process and of great challenge in the prevention of odor pollution. In this work, the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) spectra of a gas mixture from kitchen waste are detected on plasmonic MOF nanoparticle (NP) films for autograding in odor intensity. To obtain plasmonic MOF NP films with high SERS sensitivity, AgNP@ZIF-8 NPs with different shell thicknesses and adsorbing times are investigated, which is further confirmed by the simulation of electric field distribution and airflow distribution. Then, a 45 nm shell thickness and 3H adsorbing time are selected to collect the SERS spectra of the gas mixture from kitchen waste with different odor intensities. These SERS spectra point out that the odorous molecules generated from the different statuses of kitchen waste dominate the odor intensity of the gas mixture. Furthermore, autograding in odor intensities with four levels based on deep learning (DL) is achieved here. The results exhibit excellent diagnostic accuracy (93.3%) for the external held-out overall dataset, which indicates that a highthroughput, rapid, and label-free tool for screening odor intensities could be developed. Our work not only enriches the research of gas detection by SERS spectra but also improves the prevention technique of odor pollution.
Background: Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) refers to SLE with an onset before 18 years old. The key to the pathogenesis of SLE tissue inflammation and injury is complement activation. The presence of complement split C3dg and membrane attack complex (MAC) may indicate a worse prognosis for lupus nephritis (LN). This study investigated whether complement split C3dg and MAC depositions in the pathogenesis of LN are potential biomarkers of disease severity and tissue injury.
Methods:The data on patients with LN were retrospectively analyzed in our center between April 2018 and December 2020. The depositions of C3dg and MAC were detected by immunofluorescence staining.Results: C3dg and MAC were both detected in specimens from 61.5% of patients. Patients with MAC depositions had a greater proportion of neurological disorders than those without MAC depositions (22.9% vs. 3.3%; P=0.044). We found significant differences in serum creatinine, urinary protein, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in all four groups of patients with differing degrees of C3dg and MAC depositions.Conclusions: This study suggests that C3dg and MAC depositions may be potential biomarkers for disease severity and tissue injury in LN. MAC and C3dg staining may be useful in routine studies of lupus biopsies to identify patients who need more aggressive treatment.
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