Electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia offers a promising pathway for nutrient recycling and recovery from wastewater with energy and environmental sustainability. There have been considerable efforts on the regulation of reaction pathways to facilitate nitrate-to-ammonia conversion over the competing hydrogen evolution reaction but only with limited success. Here, we report a Cu single-atom gel (Cu SAG) electrocatalyst that produces NH 3 from both nitrate and nitrite under neutral conditions. Given the unique mechanism of NO 2 − activation on Cu SAGs with spatial confinement and strengthened kinetics, a pulse electrolysis strategy is presented to cascade the accumulation and conversion of NO 2 − intermediates during NO 3 − reduction with the prohibited competition from the hydrogen evolution reaction, thus substantially enhancing the Faradaic efficiency and the yield rate for ammonia production compared with constant potential electrolysis. This work underlines the cooperative approach of the pulse electrolysis and SAGs with threedimensional (3D) framework structures for highly efficient nitrate-to-ammonia conversion enabled by tandem catalysis of unfavorable intermediates.
The major etiology of liver cirrhosis in Southern China is viral hepatitis. However, the proportions of viral hepatitis and HBV are gradually decreasing. Alcoholic LC patients exhibit a greater risk of experiencing UGIB, and HBV LC patients may have a greater risk of HCC.
Many studies show that dietary factors may affect the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We examined the association between overall diet quality and NPC risk in a Chinese population. This case-control study included 600 NPC patients and 600 matched controls between 2009 and 2011 in Guangzhou, China. Habitual dietary intake and various covariates were assessed via face-to-face interviews. Diet quality scores were calculated according to the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005), the alternate Healthy Eating Index (aHEI), the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), and the alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMed). After adjustment for various lifestyle and dietary factors, greater diet quality scores on the HEI-2005, aHEI, and DQI-I—but not on the aMed—showed a significant association with a lower risk of NPC (p-trends, <0.001–0.001). The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) comparing the extreme quartiles of the three significant scores were 0.47 (0.32–0.68) (HEI-2005), 0.48 (0.33–0.70) (aHEI), and 0.43 (0.30–0.62) (DQI-I). In gender-stratified analyses, the favorable association remained significant in men but not in women. We found that adherence to the predefined dietary patterns represented by the HEI-2005, aHEI, and DQI-I scales predicted a lower risk of NPC in adults from south China, especially in men.
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