Urine accommodates more changes than other fluids, and it is a good source in the search for early sensitive biomarkers. The present study collected urine samples from 2-, 4-, 6-, 8-and 10-month-old αsynuclein transgenic mice. Based on data-independent acquisition (DIA) technology, liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for quantitative analysis. Seventeen human homologous differential proteins were screened and compared with those in the urine of 2-month-old mice, and 9 proteins were related to Parkinson's disease (PD). Formin-2, Splicing factor 3A subunit 1, and Isopentenyl-diphosphate Deltaisomerase 1 changed continuously in months 6, 8 and 10. These experiments and analyses demonstrated that the urine proteome reflected the development of α-synuclein transgenic mice and provided clues for the early clinical diagnosis of PD. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor and non-motor disorders [1]. Its main pathological features are the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the dense substantia nigra and the presence of α-synuclein as the main component of eosinophilic inclusion bodies, i.e., Lewy bodies, in the remaining dopaminergic neurons. PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and it affects approximately 1% of people over 65 years of age [2]. With the aging of the population and the prolongation of life expectancy, the incidence rate of PD is expected to double in the next 20 years [3]. PD seriously affects the quality of life of patients, and it results in a huge social and economic burden [4, 5]. The early diagnosis of PD is of great significance to improve the quality of life of patients and delay the development of the disease. There is no effective way to cure PD. Drug therapy and surgical treatment only delay the progress of the disease. Drug therapy is the primary method, but the long-term use of drugs often weakens the curative effects and produces some side effects. The clinical diagnosis of PD is currently based on motor characteristics. When the motor characteristics of PD manifest, approximately 60-70% of the neurons are lost [6]. Because the early symptoms of PD are mild and generally considered the result of aging, the early diagnosis of PD is very difficult, and there is a certain rate of misdiagnosis. At the time of diagnosis, most patients exhibit obvious behavior disorders and accumulated pathological changes. Therefore, to provide better clinical treatment for PD patients and help researchers find new treatment methods, it is urgent to identify sensitive early biomarkers. Biomarkers are indicators that objectively reflect normal physiological and pathological processes [7]. The most studied biomarkers are present in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Because there is no barrier between the cerebrospinal fluid and the brain, cerebrospinal fluid is considered an ideal choice for the discovery of biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases. Cerebrospinal fluidis more stable than blood due to the blood-...
Aging is an inevitable course of life. Additionally, the risk of chronic diseases or cancer increases with age. The comprehensive identification of signs related to aging can be beneficial for the prevention and early diagnosis of geriatric diseases. The comparison of global modifications in the urine proteome is a means of multidimensional information mining. This approach is based on urine, in which changes from whole-body metabolism can accumulate. This study used the urine of healthy people at different ages (22 children, 10 young people, 6 senior people) as the research object and using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry, label-free quantitation combined with non-limiting modification identification algorithms and random group test, compared the differences in protein chemical modifications among three groups. The results show that multi-sites oxidative modifications and amino acid substitutions are noticeable features that distinguish these three age groups of people. The proportion of multi-site oxidations in urine proteins of senior (29.76%) is significantly higher than the young group (13.71% and 12.97%), which affect the biological processes of various proteins. This study could provide a reference for studies of aging mechanisms and biomarkers of age-related disease.
Cardiovascular disease is currently the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is an important pathological basis of cardiovascular disease, and its early diagnosis is of great significance. Urine is more conducive in the accumulation and response of changes in the physiological state of the body and is not regulated by homeostasis mechanisms, so it is a good source of biomarkers in the early stage of disease. In this study, ApoE-/- mice induced by a high-fat diet for 5 months were used to construct an animal model of atherosclerosis. Urine samples from the experimental group and control group, which were C57BL/6 mice fed a normal diet, were collected at seven time points. Proteomic analysis was used for internalcontrol and intergroup control. Internal control results showed a significant difference in the urinary proteome before and after a 1-week high-fat diet, and several differential proteins have been reported to be associated with atherosclerosis or for use as biomarkers. The results of the intergroup control indicated that the biological process enriched by the GO analysis of the differential proteins corresponded to disease progression. Differences in chemical modifications of urinary proteins have also been reported to be associated with the disease. This study demonstrates that urinary proteomics has the potential to monitor changes in the body sensitively and provides the possibility of identifying early biomarkers of atherosclerosis.
Cardiovascular disease is currently the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is an important pathological basis of cardiovascular disease, and its early diagnosis is of great significance. Urine bears no need nor mechanism to be stable, so it accumulates many small changes and is therefore a good source of biomarkers in the early stages of disease. In this study, ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet for 5 months. Urine samples from the experimental group and control group (C57BL/6 mice fed a normal diet) were collected at seven time points. Proteomic analysis was used for comparison within the experimental group and for comparison between the experimental group and the control group. The results of the comparison within the experimental group showed a significant difference in the urinary proteome before and after a one-week high-fat diet, and several of the differential proteins have been reported to be associated with atherosclerosis and/or as biomarker candidates. The results of the comparison between the experimental group and the control group indicated that the biological processes enriched by the GO analysis of the differential proteins correspond to the progression of atherosclerosis. The differences in chemical modifications of urinary proteins have also been reported to be associated with the disease. This study demonstrates that urinary proteomics has the potential to sensitively monitor changes in the body and provides the possibility of identifying early biomarkers of atherosclerosis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.