This paper describes the significance, content, progress and corresponding basic theory and experimental research methods of micron/nanometer scale thermal science and engineering, which is one of the latest cutting-edge disciplines, and analyzes the effects of micron nanometer devices on the scale effect series of challenging hot issues, discussed the corresponding emergence of some new phenomena and new concepts, pointed out that the micron/nano thermal science aspects of the recent development of several types of theory and experimental technology success and shortcomings, and summed up a number for the exploration of the new ways and new directions, especially on some typical micron/nano-thermal devices and micro-scale biological heat transfer in some important scientific issues and their engineering applications were introduced.
We present a substrate material selection method for multilayer diffractive optical elements (MLDOEs) to obtain high polychromatic integral diffraction efficiency (PIDE) in a wide environmental temperature range. The extended expressions of the surface relief heights for the MLDOEs are deduced with consideration of the influence of the environmental temperature. The PIDE difference Δη¯(λ) and PIDE change factor F are introduced to select a reasonable substrate material combination. A smaller value of Δη¯(λ) or F indicates a smaller decrease of the PIDE in a wide temperature range, and the corresponding substrate material combination is better. According to the deduced relation, double-layer and three-layer DOEs with different combinations are discussed. The results show that IRG26 and zinc sulfide is the best substrate material combination in the infrared waveband for double-layer DOEs, and polycarbonate is more reasonable than polymethyl methacrylate as the middle filling optical material for three-layer DOEs when the two substrate materials are the same.
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