The rural residential land (RRL) in natural reserves has been deeply transformed due to the disturbance constrained by ecological protection policies. Exploring the distribution characteristics and driving factors of RRL in natural reserves and non-natural reserves will help to promote the governance of land space and alleviate the contradiction of land use. Therefore, taking 122 county-level administrative regions in Hunan Province as an example, this article analyzes and compares the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of RRL in natural reserves and non-natural reserves by using land use change dynamics, nuclear density analysis, the transfer matrix model, and the ordinary least-squares model and explores how the establishment of natural reserves affects the RRL area change. The results show that (1) the overall RRL area in Hunan changed from 171,162.27 hm2 in 2000 to 169,914.6 hm2 in 2020, with a total reduction of 1,247.67 hm2 and a decrease of 0.73%, and the distribution of the RRL area change presented a hot trend in the northeast and a cold trend in the southwest. (2) The occupation of urban construction land is the main reason for the reduction in RRL area, and the transformation of cultivated land and forestland into RRL is the main source of the increase in RRL area. (3) During 2000–2020, the overall RRL in natural reserves increased by 1,538.37 hm2, with an increase of 0.11%, while the overall RRL in non-natural reserves decreased by 2,786.04 hm2, with a decrease of 0.14%. (4) The establishment of natural reserves has a significant negative correlation with the area of RRL in 2000, 2010, and 2020, indicating that the establishment of natural reserves can limit the growth speed of the RRL area to a certain extent, but is affected by factors such as economic development and rural population growth; it cannot directly promote the overall reduction of RRL area. The results of this study can provide a reference for decision-making related to the spatial structure optimization of natural reserves and non-natural protected RRL and the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.
The growth of rural residential land (RRL) areas has led to the encroachment of cultivated land, which has seriously reduced cultivated land use efficiency (CLUE). This paper takes 42 cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (MRYR) as an example, using the kernel density estimation method, the Super-SBM model, and mediating effect test methods to explore the impact of RRL change on CLUE during 2000–2020. Specifically, based on the analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of RRL and CLUE, this paper attempts to further explore the influence path of RRL change on CLUE and test whether there is a mediating effect. The results show that (1) the overall RRL area increased by 30,386.34 hm2, except for the decrease in RRL area in a few regions of Hunan Province, and the RRL area in other regions increased. (2) The hot-spot and sub-hot-spot regions of CLUE in the MRYR were mainly concentrated in northwestern Hubei Province and eastern Hunan Province, and the hot-spot and sub-hot-spot regions in Hunan Province are the highest among the three provinces. (3) Under the control of socioeconomic variables, the change in RRL has a significant negative impact on CLUE. (4) The area of cultivated land occupied by rural residential land (CLRRL) has a mediating role during 2000–2020, while the per capita cultivated land area (PCLA) and the rural permanent population (RPP) only have a mediating role during 2000–2010. In the future, the government should strictly prohibit the occupation of cultivated land by RRL and to improve the CLUE.
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