Novel WO3/g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts were prepared by a calcination process with different mass contents of WO3. The photocatalysts were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was evaluated by degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) under visible light. The results indicated that the WO3/g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts showed higher photocatalytic activity than both the pure WO3 and pure g-C3N4. The optimum photocatalytic activity of WO3/g-C3N4 at a WO3 mass content of 9.7% under visible light irradiation was up to 4.2 times and 2.9 times as high as that of the pure WO3 and pure g-C3N4, respectively. The remarkably increased performance of WO3/g-C3N4 was mainly attributed to the synergistic effect between the interface of WO3 and g-C3N4, including enhanced optical absorption in the visible region, enlarged specific surface areas and the suitable band positions of WO3/g-C3N4 composites.
BiOBr uniform flower-like hollow microsphere and porous nanosphere structures have been successfully synthesized through a one-pot EG-assisted solvothermal process in the presence of reactable ionic liquid 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C(16)mim]Br). The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Possible formation mechanism for the growth of hollow microspheres was discussed. During the reactive process, ionic liquid [C(16)mim]Br played the role of solvent, reactant and template at the same time. Moreover, the photocatalytic activities of BiOBr flower-like hollow and porous structures were evaluated on the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. The results assumed that BiOBr porous nanospheres sample showed much higher photocatalytic activity than the conventionally prepared sample and TiO(2) (Degussa, P25). The relationship between the structure of the photocatalyst and the photocatalytic activities were also discussed in detail; it can be assumed that the enhanced photocatalytic activities of BiOBr materials could be ascribed to a synergistic effect, including high BET surface area, the energy band structure, the smaller particle size and light absorbance.
A novel heterojunction AgBr/BiPO(4) photocatalyst was synthesized with the hydrothermal method. The photocatalyst was characterized by X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectrscopy (XPS) and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS). The XRD, SEM-EDS, TEM and XPS analyses indicated that the heterojunction structure formed during the process of hydrothermal treatment. The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was evaluated by degradation of methylene blue dye (MB). The results indicated that the AgBr/BiPO(4) heterojunction exhibited a much higher photocatalytic activity than the pure BiPO(4). The mechanism of the enhancing AgBr/BiPO(4) heterojunction's photocatalytic activity was discussed. It was also found that the photocatalytic degradation of MB over AgBr/BiPO(4) heterojunction photocatalysts followed the pseudo-first-order reaction model.
Reacting CO2 and ethane to synthesize value-added oxygenate molecules represents opportunities to simultaneously reduce CO2 emissions and upgrade underutilized ethane in shale gas. Herein, we propose a strategy to produce C3 oxygenates using a tandem reactor. This strategy is achieved with a Fe3Ni1/CeO2 catalyst (first reactor at 600–800 °C) for CO2-assisted dehydrogenation and reforming of ethane to produce ethylene, CO, and H2, and a RhCox/MCM-41 catalyst (second reactor at 200 °C) enabling CO insertion for the production of C3 oxygenates (propanal and 1-propanol) via the heterogeneous hydroformylation reaction at ambient pressure. In-situ characterization using synchrotron spectroscopies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the effect of Rh–Co bimetallic formation in facilitating the production of C3 oxygenates. The proposed strategy provides an opportunity for upgrading light alkanes in shale gas by reacting with CO2 to produce aldehydes and alcohols.
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