Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been recognized as one of the most promising catalysts to replace Pt for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysis because of the elemental abundance, excellent catalytic potential, and stability. However, its HER efficiency is still below that of Pt. Recent research advances have revealed that the modification of pristine MoS2 is a very effective approach to boost its HER performance, including improving the intrinsic activity of sites, increasing the number of edges, and enhancing the electrical conductivity. In this review, we focus on the recent progress on the modification strategies of MoS2 for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Moreover, some urgent challenges in this field are also discussed to realize the large-scale application of the modified-MoS2 catalysts in industry.
Precisely
modulating the electronic structure of catalytic sites
represents a promising strategy to design highly efficient electrocatalysts
toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, the non-noble metal
Co is successfully doped into the surface layer of ZnO and the doping
concentration can be controllably adjusted by a partial cation exchange
method. Our experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that
the surface-doped Co can not only activate the inherently inert Zn
sites by modifying their electronic structure and thereby promoting
the OH* adsorption but also serve as active sites themselves for the
adsorption of O* and OOH*, ultimately realizing the bimetallic synergetic
effect in Co/ZnO for OER catalysis. Besides, the surface Co doping
also benefits the obvious enhancement of electrical conductivity of
the ZnO host. Therefore, relative to the inactive ZnO, the as-prepared
Co/ZnO exhibits a much smaller overpotential and Tafel slope toward
OER. This strategy provides a rational design of low-cost and efficient
OER electrocatalysts.
A versatile composite aerogel is developed by introducing of PEDOT:PSS in reduced graphene oxide, resulting in an ultrathin aerogel film around 100 µm thick. Like a tape, the aerogel can tightly attach to smooth or rough substrate, and there forms a self‐healable and anti‐vibration energy storage electrode. With a Ti foil substrate, the electrode offers an electrochemical capacity of 190 mF cm−2 at 0.1 mA cm−2 working current density. It also exhibits 98.7% capacitance retention after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles, with almost negligible capacitance decline even after eight damaging/healing cycles or 4000 vibrating cycles. With symmetrical aerogel‐based electrodes, a smart electrochemical device is explored as a sensor for sensitively detecting space electric field strength, ranging from 1100 to 19 000 V m−1. Simulation results verify that the response current in the sensor comes from the internal recombination current in the electrochemical device, which originates from ion recombination near the electrode substrate in space electric field. Further, a validation sensor experiment is designed and realized with affiliated modules, successfully monitoring space electric field.
To address the dynamic instability, premature burst drug release, and lack of intracellular stimuli-sensitivity of current polymeric nanocarriers, a novel type of reduction- and thermo-sensitive core-cross-linked polypeptide hybrid micelle was developed.
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