A series of p-substituted NPG derivatives (Cl-NPG, OMe-NPG and NO2-NPG) comprising different push–pull characteristics have been synthesized and characterized.
The curing behavior of the type II photoinitiator package based on different weight ratios of o-Cl-HABI (hydrogen acceptor)/NPG (hydrogen donor) systems (where o-Cl-HABI is a 2chlorohexaaryl biimidazole, NPG is an N-phenylglycine) was investigated through FT-IR, gel-fraction, electron spin resonance (ESR) and photoluminescence (PL) methodologies. As the amount of NPG increasing, the faster curing speed occurred. However, the curvature photo-reactivity phenomenon was observed as the amount of o-Cl-HABI at 0.5, 1 and 2 wt%, respectively. In addition, the radical transfer mechanism in the presence of air and nitrogen atmospheres was also discussed in this study.
A series of phenothiazine based dyes (OMS1-3), comprising different conjugation lengths and numbers of electron deficient (cyanovinyl) moieties with cyanoacrylic acid as an anchor, have been synthesized. The dyes display broad UV-visible absorption, from 389 nm to 484 nm. The higher molar extinction coefficient and longer absorption peak are achieved as the conjugation length and numbers of electron deficient units increase. The cell performance based on these dyes exhibits efficiencies ranging from 0.68-4.00%, compared to a standard N719-based device (PCE ¼ 7.49%) fabricated under similar conditions. Although the OMS3 dye has two electron deficient units between phenothiazine units, an insignificant electron trapping effect is observed. From the results, the OMS3 based cell exhibits the highest short circuit current (J SC ) at 8.72 mA cm À2 and the highest open-circuit voltage (V OC ) at 0.66 V, together with the best cell performance at 4.00%. Fig. 6 Schematic division and dihedral angles of OMS2 and OMS3 dyes. 9788 | RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 9783-9789 This journal is
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