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Clinically, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm infection inevitably induces the failure of bone implants. Herein, a hydrophilic and viscous hydrogel of poly­(vinyl alcohol) modified with chitosan, polydopamine, and NO release donor was formed on a red phosphorus nanofilm deposited on a titanium implant (Ti-RP/PCP/RSNO). Under the irradiation of near-infrared light (NIR), peroxynitrite (•ONOO–) was formed by the reaction between the released NO and superoxide (•O2 –) produced by the RP nanofilm. Specifically, we revealed the antibacterial mechanism of the ONOO– against the MRSA biofilm. In addition, osteogenic differentiation was promoted and inflammatory polarization was regulated by the released NO without NIR irradiation through upregulating the expression of Opn and Ocn genes and TNF-α. The MRSA biofilm was synergistically eradicated by •ONOO–, hyperthermia, and •O2– under NIR irradiation as well as the immunoreaction of the M1 polarization. The in vivo results also confirmed the excellent osteogenesis and biofilm eradication by released NO from the RP/PCP/RSNO system under NIR irradiation, indicating the noninvasive tissue reconstruction of MRSA-infected tissues through phototherapy and immunotherapy.

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Total fertilization failure (TFF), which is the failure of fertilization in all oocytes, occurs in 1%-3% of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. However, the sperm-related factors that cause fertilization failure in humans are still largely unknown. Here, we identified three novel homozygous variations in the PLCZ1 gene in a recessive inheritance pattern in three consanguineous families, which all located in a key catalytic domain, and predicted to modify its secondary structure and thus impair its hydrolytic activity. Moreover, immunofluorescent staining revealed that PLCζ in mutant sperm exhibited abnormal localization patterns. ICSI-AOA resulted in an increased rate of normal fertilization compared with previous ICSI cycles (75.0% vs 2.2%, P < .001). In summary, we identified three novel homozygous variations in PLCZ1 that led to poor or failed fertilization that could be overcame by ICSI-AOA. K E Y W O R D Sassisted oocyte activation, fertilization failure, Phophospholipase C zeta, variation

This study investigates users’ coping responses in the process of phishing email detection. Three common responses are identified based on the coping literature: task-focused coping, emotion-focused coping (i.e., worry and self-criticism), and avoidance coping. The three responses are used to conceptualize a higher-order construct, coping adaptiveness, that resides on a continuum between maladaptive coping and adaptive coping (manifested as increased task-focused coping and decreased emotion-focused coping and avoidance coping). Drawing on the extended parallel process model and behavioral decision-making literature, this paper examines the antecedents (i.e., perceived phishing threat, perceived detection efficacy, and phishing anxiety) and behavioral consequences (i.e., detection effort and detection accuracy) of coping adaptiveness. A survey experiment with 547 U.S. consumers was conducted. The results show that perceived detection efficacy increases coping adaptiveness. Partially mediated by phishing anxiety, perceived phishing threat decreases coping adaptiveness. Coping adaptiveness positively impacts the two objective measures in the study, detection effort and detection accuracy. The results also suggest that coping adaptiveness and detection effort have different effects on false positives compared to false negatives: detection effort fully mediates the effect of coping adaptiveness on false positive rate (or detection accuracy related to legitimate emails), but has no impact on false negatives (or detection accuracy related to phishing emails), unlike coping adaptiveness. A post hoc analysis on coping responses reveals two patterns of coping among subjects, throwing more light on coping in phishing detection. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2016.0680 .

Doped manganites, RE 1-x A x MnO 3 (RE = rare-earth and A= alkaline-earth elements), have attracted much attention because of their potential applications in magnetic sensors and other devices. [1][2][3][4][5] A prominent feature of these materials is a metallic-insulating (MI) transition associated with the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic (FM-PM) transition.[4] The figure of merit of these colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) materials for many applications is the magnetoresistance (MR = (q Hq 0 )/q 0 , where q H and q 0 are the resistivities with and without a magnetic field, respectively). For practical applications, it is important to obtain a high MR at room temperature and at low magnetic fields. It has been observed that the MR near or at the transition temperature, T c , for a given field strength, is generally larger for samples with lower T c .[2] Thus, simply changing the composition of these manganites is not effective in obtaining large MR values near room temperature. Many recent efforts in searching for enhanced MR have been focused on transport properties across artificial grain boundaries and interfaces by making FM manganite/spacer superlattices and FM-insulator-FM tunneling junctions. [6][7][8] However, the enhancements of the MR were mostly achieved at low temperatures (< 150 K). [5]In this work, we report our efforts to obtain a large MR near room temperature by preparing multilayer-coated La 0.67 Sr 0.33 MnO 3 /La 0.67 Ca 0.33 MnO 3 (LSMO/LCMO) films using polymer assisted deposition (PAD). PAD is a solution technique that has been successfully used to prepare both simple and complex metal oxide films. [11,12] The LSMO and LCMO compounds have similar lattice parameters and have a Curie temperature above and below room temperature, respectively, which makes them very attractive for preparing multilayers. The PAD technique was used to prepare the solutions of La 0.67 Sr 0.33 Mn and La 0.67 Ca 0.33 Mn. These solutions were spincoated onto single-crystalline (001) LaAlO 3 (LAO) substrates. After each coating, the films were heated at 600°C for 5 min. For all the films, a total of 10 coatings were applied on the substrate and final annealing was performed at 950°C for 2 h in oxygen. The thicknesses of the films were ca. 130 nm. Our initial study focused on optimizing the LSMO/LCMO ratio to get a maximum MR close to room temperature. The films with LSMO/LCMO volume ratios of 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50 had MR values of -61 %, -63 %, and -57 %, respectively, at 300 K at an applied field of 5 T. Hence, in this work we prepared multilayer-coated films by holding the LSMO/ LCMO volume ratio constant (60:40 with maximum MR) and changing the number and the thickness of the individual layers. Details of the layered configuration with their sample identifications (ML1 and ML2) are illustrated in Figure 1. To make a direct comparison of the multilayer-coated films, a single-phase film of La 0.67 Sr 0.198 Ca 0.132 MnO 3 (LSCMO), which is a uniformly mixed phase of the LSMO/LCMO at a volume ratio of 60:40, was also prepa...

BackgroundCapacitation, a prerequisite for oocyte fertilization, is a complex process involving series of structural and functional changes in sperms such as membrane modifications, modulation of enzyme activities, and protein phosphorylation. In order to penetrate and fertilize an oocyte, mammalian sperms must undergo capacitation. Nevertheless, the process of sperm capacitation remains poorly understood and requires further elucidation. In the current study, via high throughput sequencing, we identified and explored the differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs involved in boar sperm capacitation.ResultsWe identified a total of 5342 mRNAs and 204 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in fresh and capacitated boar sperms. From these, 12 miRNAs (8 known and 4 newly identified miRNAs) and their differentially expressed target mRNAs were found to be involved in sperm capacitation-related PI3K-Akt, MAPK, cAMP-PKA and Ca2+signaling pathways.ConclusionsOur study is first to provide the complete miRNA and transcriptome profiles of boar sperm. Our findings provide important insights for the understanding of the RNA profile in boar sperm and future elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanism relevant to mammalian sperm capacitation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5132-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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