In the last two decades, the multipoint simulation (MPS) method has been developed and increasingly used for building complex geological facies models that are conditioned to geological and geophysical data. In the meantime, the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) approach has been developed and recognized as a promising way for assimilating dynamic production data into reservoir models. So far, the EnKF approach is proven efficient for updating continuous model parameters that have a linear statistical relation with the flow responses. It remains challenging to extend the EnKF approach to updating complex geological facies models generated by MPS, while preserving their geological and statistical consistency.In this paper, we introduce a new method for parameterizing geostatistical reservoir models generated by MPS. It is mathematically proven that updating these parameters during a history matching process does not compromise the hard data conditioning and the geological and statistical consistency of the reservoir model defined by the training image and other information including global facies proportions, trend maps etc. This method is an alternative to the gradual deformation method but has an enlarged search space for covering possible solutions. Based on the above parameterization, we present two algorithms of using EnKF approach to update multipoint simulations to dynamic data. We also present encouraging results of using the above methodology to condition a sector model of a fluvial reservoir to dynamic data.

No abstract

As the macro behavior of the strength of exchange interaction, state of the art of Curie temperature Tc, which is directly proportional to the exchange integrals, makes sense to the high-frequency and high-reliability microwave devices. Challenge remains as finding a quantitative way to reveal the relationship between the Curie temperature and the exchange integrals for doped barium hexaferrites. Here in this report, for La-substituted barium hexaferrites, the electronic structure has been determined by the density functional theory (DFT) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA). By means of the comparison between the ground and relative state, thirteen exchange integrals have been calculated as a function of the effective value Ueff. Furthermore, based on the Heisenberg model, the molecular field approximation (MFA) and random phase approximation (RPA), which provide an upper and lower bound of the Curie temperature Tc, have been adopted to deduce the Curie temperature Tc. In addition, the Curie temperature Tc derived from the MFA are coincided well with the experimental data. Finally, the strength of superexchange interaction mainly depends on 2b-4f1, 4f2-12k, 2a-4f1, and 4f1-12k interactions.

No abstract