The State Scientific and Technical Center for Nuclear and Radiation Safety (SSTC NRS), a Ukrainian enterprise with a 29-year experience in the area of scientific and technical support to the national nuclear regulator (SNRIU), has been actively involved in international research activities. Participation in the IAEA coordinated research activities is among the SSTC NRS priorities. In the period of 2018–2020, the IAEA accepted four SSTC NRS proposals for participation in respective Coordinated Research Projects (CRPs). These CRPs address scientific and technical issues in different areas such as: 1) performance of probabilistic safety assessment for multi-unit/multi-reactor sites; 2) use of dose projection tools to ensure preparedness and response to nuclear and radiological emergencies; 3) phenomena related to in-vessel melt retention; 4) spent fuel characterization. This article presents a brief overview of the abovementioned projects with definition of scientific contributions by the SSTC NRS (participation in benchmarks, development of methodological documents on implementing research stages and of IAEA technical documents (TECDOC) for demonstration of best practices and results of research carried out by international teams).
Over recent years, many Ukrainian organisations have participated in the European projects in various fields of research and technology development. Ukraine has made significant steps to enter the European Research Area: in 2015, Ukraine has become an associated participant of the “Horizon 2020” programme of the European Union, and on 27 June 2016, the Agreement between the Government of Ukraine and the European Community on Atomic Energy on scientific and technological cooperation and the associated participation of Ukraine in the Euratom Research and Training Programme (2014—2018) has been signed. This paper briefly presents the experience and results of the SSTC NRS activities under the Euratom framework research programmes, as well as the near future prospects for the SSTC NRS involvement in the new European research projects.
The paper describes the main areas of educational activities on nuclear and radiation safety, which have been formed in recent years and are currently implemented by the State Enterprise "State Scientific and Technical Center for Nuclear and Radiation Safety" (SSTC NRS). The experience of SSTC NRS in conducting training and advanced training for personnel of domestic enterprises on nuclear energy use is related to nuclear and radiation safety, radiation safety in using radiation sources (industry and medicine), mining and processing of uranium ores. The paper describes specialized areas of training prepared at the request of nuclear companies, in particular: support and training of management staff of NNEGC "Energoatom", transfer of experience in the use of computer codes and programs, exercise of practical approaches to the application of guidelines for severe accident management, training on indigenous analysis of NPP abnormal operation. The participation of SSTC NRS in international programs, projects and initiatives on training and transfer of experience within the EU technical assistance program Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation and the Euratom Research and Training Program provides information on new initiatives for training on nuclear and radiation safety.
The paper presents an overview of changes and trends in the energy policy of the European Union during the recent years, and shows the impact of the energy security issues on the development of nuclear power industry in Europe. Further development of the nuclear power industry as a low carbon source of energy is considered in the context of a comprehensive approach to the struggle against the climate change. In addition, a short overview of the new energy strategy of Ukraine until 2035 is presented, which defines a complex of large-scale reforms in the energy sector in consideration of the European approaches and the EU energy strategy.
Terms used for categorization of power uprates of nuclear power plants (NPPs) are analyzed in the paper. The power uprate program adopted in Ukraine is briefly described to emphasize importance of this area and need to use the appropriate terms. The categories of power uprates adopted by the U.S. NRC and applied by the IAEA are described. They include measurement uncertainty recapture, stretch, and extended power uprates. Translation of these terms into the Ukrainian language based on the analysis is proposed.
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