An aqueous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan (CHT)/polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) blends (PVA/CHT/PHMB blends) has been developed as a potential low dose topical antibacterial formulation with enhanced antimicrobial effect. The preparation of PVA/CHT/PHMB blends was quite facilely, with just dissolved PVA, CHT, PHMB in water in order. There was the aggregates with 100 nm size around induced by phase separation in the blends and an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) formed, as non-ionic polymer PVA formed a continuous phase and cationic polymer CHT and PHMB formed dispersed phases. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PHMB in the PVA/CHT/PHMB blends was 0.5μg/mL, which was four times lower than the MIC of PHMB individually. A phase separation increased zeta potential mechanism was proposed to explain the enhanced antibacterial activities. In addition, the blends could easily form film on the skin surface with good water vapor permeability and be used as a liquid bandage to accelerate the scratch wound healing process of nude mouse. These findings provide experimental evidence that the PHMB-functionalized blends could be further explored as low-dose topical antibacterial formulations, and the nano-sized phase separation strategy could be used to design novel low-dose topical antibacterial formulations with an enhanced antimicrobial effect.
Sodium silicate bonded and epoxy bonded magnetic NdFeB materials are fabricated, respectively. The magnetic properties, temperature coefficient, heat-corrosion and compressive strength of both bonded magnets are investigated. Results reveal that sodium silicate bonded magnet has a similar comprehensive property to epoxy bonded one. Compared to the epoxy bonded magnets, the sodium silicate bonded NdFeB has better temperature coefficient between 20 and 100 °C. The α value of the sodium silicate bonded NdFeB is-0.127 %/°C while the β value is-0.275 %/°C between 20 and 200 °C. DSC thermogram shows that sodium silicate as a bonder in magnet could exist at a higher temperature (above 1000 °C), which is far bigger than the curie point of NdFeB magnet powder. The weight gains of sodium silicate bonded magnet obtained in heat-corrosion resistance test are smaller than those of epoxy bonded one. Compressive strength test shows that sodium silicate bonded magnet has a larger compressive strength (35 MPa) than that of epoxy bonded magnet (27 MPa). Compared to the epoxy, the sodium silicate as bonder in the bonded magnet shows more compact. As a result, the sodium silicate bonded NdFeB bears better magnetic properties, temperature coefficient, heat-corrosion resistant and compressive strength.
Zinc ions were incorporated into the holes of diatomite and the antibacterial effects of the zinc diatomite was evaluated by plate counting of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). When 1wt% of the antibacterial zinc diatomite was incorporated into paint, almost all the S. aureus and E. coli on the surface were killed. This study revealed that the antibacterial capability of zinc diatomite can kill almost all of the bacteria in the diatomite holes and the surface. The preparation and microstructure of the antibacterial zinc diatomite were also studied.
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