The searching for the new effective and safe medicines is still important problem for today. Perspective subjects in this field are medicines of plant origin. It is well known that a number of diseases, labor, surgeries are often accompanied by bleedings. In such cases for their pharmacological correction hemostatic agents are used, particularly ones of plant origin, where nomenclature of drugs is comparatively not large. However, among big variety of medicinal plants there is one unjustly forgotten plant that is Antennaria dioica. This plant is non-officinal for today and according to the data in literature is applied only in folk medicine. Analysis of data in literature shows that Antennaria dioica contains complex of biologically active substances, which causes different pharmacological effects, that explains possibility of this plant application in great number of pathologies. In the available scientific literature there is no information about study and creation of Antennaria dioica medicines (except galenic ones in folk medicine) that substantiates the importance of further investigation of the properties of this medicinal plant. The prospect direction in this field is application of Antennaria dioica medicines as hemostatics for prevention and stoppage of bleedings of different ethiology.
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system are quite common diseases. Moreover, the use of pharmacotherapy may not always be effective, which is associated with a large number of side effects of modern non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The way out of the situation can be the use of carboxytherapy (CO2 therapy), which has a complex of pharmacological effects: analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antihypoxic and antioxidant.These CO2 effects are used to eliminate the symptom complex associated with pain, inflammation, ischemia, hypoxia, and joint stiffness. The use of carboxytherapy in orthopedics is primarily aimed at eliminating pain in various diseases of the spine, joints, muscles in the back, neck, thighs, knees and other organs. The main target of the action of carboxytherapy in diseases of the musculoskeletal system are Zakharyin – Geda zones, trigger points, myofibralgia zones and acupuncture points.When CO2 affects these zones and points, vasodilation, muscle relaxation and increased tissue oxygenation reflexively occur, which leads to a decrease in inflammation, pain and other functional disorders in the joints and muscles. Due to the polypathopathogenetic pharmacodynamics of CO2, carboxytherapy is often used for post-traumatic and inflammatory conditions of joints, arthrosis, and other acute and chronic joint pathologies of various etiologies.In addition, with combined pharmacotherapy of these diseases, carboxytherapy reduces the duration of NSAIDs and other drugs, reduces their dosage, which reduces the risk of side effects and increases the effectiveness of CO2 therapy.
The aim of the study was to analyze the mechanisms of action and pharmacodynamics of carboxytherapy in diseases of the cardiovascular system (CVS). Materials and methods. An analysis of domestic and foreign experience in the use of carboxytherapy for diseases of CVS. Results and discussions. The mechanism of action of carboxytherapy is based on the principle of the introduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the patient's body, due to which many pathological disorders can be eliminated. Inhalation and non-inhalation introduction of CO2 into the body has been used for medicinal purposes for many decades. The empirical (off label) use of this therapy in course of time has gained a wide clinical evidence base. There is a large amount of clinical evidence in the world of the effective use of carboxytherapy in many fields of medicine, including those with CVS diseases. It is proved that CO2 introduced into the body penetrates freely through cell membranes and has antihypoxic, vasodilating, antioxidant, anti-ischemic, antispasmodic and other positive effects. Therefore, carboxytherapy contributes to a complex of pharmacological effects inherent of traditional antianginal, hypotensive, antispasmodic and other drugs that are widely used in the treatment of CVS diseases. Conclusions. An analysis of domestic and foreign experience in carboxytherapy shows that the effects of CO2 in diseases of the CVS are achieved by improving oxygenation and microcirculation, anti-anginal, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antispasmodic, anti-oxidant, and analgesic effects of this gas. Carboxytherapy is an alternative, promising and safe method of treating diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Drugs which as we hope, have to facilitate or save the patient's life sometimes cause the return ˗ the collateral reactions (CR) and even death. CR of drugs can be a cause of death not less, than sepsis and accidents. Often the wrong dispensing and also the medicines prescribed by off label is their reason (out of the instruction). The aim of the study. To analyze the frequency of manifestation of collateral reactions of medicines at their application of off label. Materials and methods. The analysis of foreign and domestic scientific publications concerning manifestation of collateral reactions of drugs at their application off label. Results. Today there are no concrete data on that how many deadly CR happen because of off label of drugs, but it is possible to estimate it, using information which is known: CR at drug intake of off label occur approximately by two-three times more often than at drug intake of on label (according to the instruction). It is established that lower or higher dose of medicine, than that which is specified in the instruction can lead to security concerns. Use of off label of medicines in doses is higher than those which were approved by the instruction, correlate with increase in risk of development of CR. It is established that prescription of medicines of off label is connected with higher risk of CR, than with their licensed alternatives, and hypotheses in literature concerning efficiency and harmlessness of off label of use of drugs not always are reliable. Conclusions. The doctor and the pharmacist need to remember that positive effects of application of off label of drugs have to have synergism with their safety that the medicine off label, very necessary for the patient, did not appear without the obligatory quality ˗ safety.
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