Apoptosis and necrosis during reperfusion after ischemia are key mechanisms at the cellular level leading to damage. The development of pathological conditions is preceded by intracellular calcium ion overload both at the stage of ischemia and at the stage of reperfusion. In this regard, one of the strategies aimed at reducing damage during ischemia/reperfusion is associated with the use of calcium channel blockers.The aim of the study was to study the effect of a peptide toxin, a calcium channel blocker ω-hexatoxin-Hv1a, on different types of epithelial cell death during in vitro reconstruction of ischemia/reperfusion conditions characteristic of organ transplantation.Materials and Methods. In this study, we used CHO-K1 epithelial cell culture. Changes in apoptosis, necrosis, cell index, and calcium ion concentration were assessed when modeling ischemia/reperfusion processes in vitro with the addition of a calcium channel blocker toxin. Ischemic and reperfusion injury was achieved by oxygen and nutrient deprivation followed by reperfusion in a complete nutrient medium. The measurements were performed using a multimodal plate reader-fluorimeter.Results. An increase in apoptosis, necrosis, and the concentration of calcium ions was recorded when modeling ischemia/reperfusion processes. A decrease in the level of apoptosis and necrosis, as well as the concentration of calcium ions to a physiological level or a level close to physiological, was noted when the toxin was added at a concentration of 50 nM at the reperfusion stage. The cell index showed a faster restoration in the presence of the toxin.Conclusion. The experimental data confirm the hypothesis of a beneficial effect of peptide calcium channel blockers on the state of epithelial cells during reperfusion after ischemia and can be considered for further study as a strategy for organ adaptation before reperfusion.
Phosphogypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) is heavy tonnage waste generated by binding calcium in the process of sulfuric acid decomposition of phosphate raw materials when obtaining wet-process phosphoric acid in the production of phosphate fertilizers. In appearance, it is solid fine-crystalline substance of white or gray color with inclusions of large aggregates. The paper presents the results of laboratory studies of more than 390 samples of phosphogypsum neutralized with construction lime. The deformation and strength properties as well as the water permeability were determined on specially prepared samples with the relative compaction of 0.95, 0.90 and 0.80 by methods used in engineering and geological surveys. While the angle of internal friction, the cohesion and the coefficient of permeability of the phosphogypsum have the values typical for fine or silty sands, the compressibility characteristics are significantly worse due to the solubility of the particles. Phosphogypsum is characterized by subsidence and suffusion settling, which are proper for carbonate rocks (dolomite, limestone). The use of the phosphogypsum as ground is possible for subbase of roads with low traffic intensity with a gravel pavement, for dams at industrial solid waste storage facilities, as well as for engineering reclamation of those storage facilities, but only if implementing water protection measures.
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