The article provides the spatial aspects of the effectiveness improving of the national innovation system. The role of regional innovative spillovers in the development of innovative activity is determined. The question is raised about the prerequisites for the knowledge flow between the last two. The internal morphology of the innovative space is analyzed to identify the territorial features of knowledge spillovers, based on the frame and center-peripheral approaches. The problems of the unevenness of innovative activity in Russian regions are considered, zones of the center, semi-periphery and periphery of the innovative space of the country are identified. The lack of innovative cores, the large distances between existing ones do not allow to form a full-fledged innovative framework of the country, creating conditions for the diffusion of innovations and the flow of knowledge. In conclusion, directions are proposed for reducing the spatial polarization of innovation and increasing the potential for the impact of innovative spillover effects on the sustainability of regional innovation systems
The processes of spatial polarization of economic activity and potential of regional innovation systems are an important area of study of the innovation transfer in the global world. The present study continues the scientific discussion on the ratio of concentration and uniform innovation development. The objective of the study is to analyze indicators of spatial concentration of innovation activity and the knowledge spillover between regions in the national innovation system. The main methods are the application of the Herfindal-Hirschman index, as well as cartographic analysis. The analysis of the concentration degree of the following indicators of innovation activity was carried out: patents, developed and used advanced technologies, R&D costs, output of innovative products in these regions of Russia using the Herfindal-Hirschman index. A graphical method was used to identify the main regions of the centers and peripheries, and a map of fragmentation of the country's innovative cores was constructed. The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis of a greater spatial concentration of knowledge in comparison with the release of innovative products. Analysis of potential knowledge spillover between regions showed that the indicators associated with the generation of knowledge, focused on the Russian regions is significantly stronger than the indicators for innovative output: spatial concentration of developed advanced technologies are higher than that used advanced technologies, and the concentration of expenditure on technological innovations ahead of the release of innovative products. This indicates an unbalanced nature of the effects of the innovative spillover, when the use of technologies is more widespread than their development and implementation. Recommendations are also presented on a more efficient organization of the innovation space and on the transition from a monocentric model of organizing a socio-economic space to an oligocentric model to reduce excessive polarization and increase the efficiency of knowledge spillover.
Regional higher education systems are closely linked to the economic,-innovative and cultural development of the regions. Its effectiveness, in turn, contributes to the country's economic growth and international competitiveness. These trends are actualized by studies aimed at assessing the effectiveness of higher education systems. The purpose of the article is to identify the regional differences in the concentration of students and revenue in the regional systems of higher education of the Russian Federation. The article uses the methods of economic and statistical analysis, calculated the Herfindahl-Hirschman index to assess the concentration of the number of students and the value of revenue in regional higher education systems. The applied value of the research results lies in the possibility of creating a typology of regional systems of higher education in the regions of Russia by the level of concentration of universities. The assessment of territorial differences in the level of concentration of students and university revenue in the regions of Russia allowed identifying the prospects of regional higher education systems as a source of economic, innovative and socio-cultural development of the region.
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