The article provides the assessment of the quality of life of the population resident at the radioactively contaminated areas of the Yemilchyno, Malyn, Korosten, Narodychi, Olevsk, Luhyny and Ovruch raions of the Zhytomyr region. The basis for the study and assessment of the quality of life of the population of radioactively contaminated administrative raions of the Zhytomyr region were the statistical data of the Main Directorate of Statistics in Zhytomyr Region, the Health Directorate of Zhytomyr Region State Administration, as well as our own results of a sociological survey. It was established that for the period between 2002 and 2018, the population of radioactively contaminated areas decreased by 24.7% (maximum values are representative of Malyn and Korosten raions). Natural population decline rates in rural settlements exceeded the corresponding values for urban settlements from 1.4 (Malyn raion) to 13 times (Olevsk raion). There is also the aging of the population, the largest share of the elderly (65 years old and older) - 21.7% and 20.8% are resident in the Korosten and Narodychi raions. The values of birth rates (7.5 (Ovruch raion) - 13 (Olevsk raion) per 1,000 of present population) did not have a positive effect on the demographic situation as a whole because of the high mortality rate exceeding the birth rate by 1.1 (Olevsk raion) - 2.9 times (Malyn raion). The main causes of death are diseases of the circulatory system (75.4%), cancer (10%) and external factors (7.3%). It was noted that there is a deterioration of the health of the local population; they pointed out that diseases related to the ChNPP accident include cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the circulatory, nervous and endocrine systems, diseases of bones and joints, headaches. The living conditions of the population resident at the radioactively contaminated areas of Zhytomyr region are unsatisfactory, which is confirmed by both objective data and subjective assessments of the residents themselves. The housing stock is outdated and it needs renovation. In order to improve the quality of life of the population of radioactively contaminated territories in the Zhytomyr region, it is necessary to reform the state policy, to provide financial support for their revival and creation of normal living and reproduction conditions for the population.
Intensification of the cattle population reproduction is an indispensable condition for the increase in the production of cattle breeding products. However, everyday abnormal effects of various factors on the intensively functioning organism of animals lead to the emergence of pathologies that restrain the rate of increase in the number of cows. Despite a wide range of problems, the results of numerous studies confirm and emphasize that a significant cause of symptomatic infertility in rejected cows is ovarian follicular cysts, accompanied with pathological changes in other organs of the reproductive system. Transrectal and ultrasound examination allows to diagnose pathology, but the issue of changes at the microscopic level in the ovaries and other organs of the reproductive system remains insufficiently studied, which inhibits the development of new methods of restoring the endocrine function of the gonads. In this regard, the morphology and pathology of the ovaries and uterus of cows require further careful study. The research was conducted in the conditions of the agricultural production cooperative “Agrofirma Semenivska”, Sumy region, on Holstein cows of different ages and productivity. At the gynecological stage of dispensation, the condition of the internal genital organs of 47 infertile cows, 14 of which were rejected, and 8 diagnosed with ovarian follicular cyst, was examined. In the conditions of the meat processing plant, the uterus and ovaries were dissected from the genitals taken immediately after slaughtering 8 cows. Pieces of tissue measuring 1 x 2 cm were cut from the walls of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, then fixed in 10 % aqueous formalin solution; histosections were made according to the generally accepted method, being stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and examined by light microscopy. It has been established that on the histopreparations, made from the ovary with a follicular cyst, there is desquamation of individual cells of the covering epithelium, atresia of the obliterating type, which is characterized by dystrophic changes of granulosis with pronounced desquamation of follicular cells filling the cavity of the cystic follicle with the subsequent formation of a fibrous atretic body. While examining histological sections from the uterus, a large number of arterial vessels with thick walls surrounded by connective tissue fibers and groups of endometrial glands of a typical structure, which is typical for endometriosis, have been found in the thickness of the myometrium. The endometrium has turned out to be represented by a cytogenic stroma, the density of the cells of which gradually decreases from the surface to the muscle layer, in the basal layer, the stroma is almost entirely replaced by connective tissue. Behind the follicular cyst of the ovary, traces of mucus have been found in the lumen of the fallopian tube.
The treatment of wounds in surgery is one of the important problems that must be solved taking into account animal species, its general condition, the stage of the wound process, and also the type of wound. The aim of our research was to study the effectiveness of incoherent polarized light, the source of which is the Bioptron lamp, in combination with other medicines, in the treatment of purulent wounds in pigs and to monitor changes in their blood composition. The studies were carried out on large white pigs who were diagnosed with occasional purulent wounds of soft tissues in different parts of the body in the conditions of LLC “SPhU AGRO” in the village of Grozino, Korosten district of Zhytomyr region. A total of 675 pigs were examined .There were found 11 animals with purulent wounds out of which an experimental and control groups were formed and appropriate treatment regimens were prescribed. It was found that after applying the treatment regimen, which consisted of the use of incoherent polarized light, the source of which is the “Bioptron” lamp, gauze drainage with methyrulacil ointment and Nitacid ointment, as well as intramuscular injections of amoxicillin, the purulent wounds in the experimental pigs completely healed on average by Day 16-17, and in the control, where the traditional method of treatment was used (surgical treatment of the wound, drainage from a 3% of boric acid, 10 % Catosal, 5 % synthomycin emulsion; muscularly 15 % amoksikel), complete healing was observed on the 19-20th day. We attribute more rapid wound healing in observed animals with wound healing activity of Nitacid ointment in combination with irradiation by incoherent polarized light. Changes were found in pigs' blood tests on purulent wounds, in comparison with healthy animals, except: decrease in hemoglobin, erythropenia leukocytosis, significant increase in erythrocyte sedimentation and also decease in biochemical idicators. The use of medicinal treatment and physiotherapeutic procedures are needed to shorten the healing of purulent wounds in pigs. Further research will focus on the use of incoherent polarized light, radiated by the “Bioptron” lamp for the surgical pathology of animals. Key words: incoherent polarized light, “Bioptron” lamp, purulent wounds, pigs, wounds healing, blood.
The reproduction of a cattle livestock is one of the most significant and complex tasks for the livestock production. The main factor in the intensive development of the dairy cattle industry is the implementation of a reproducible potential prompting the search for tools and methods that would solve the problem of reducing the terms of use of cows, decrease in the figures for cattle reproduction and the number of replacement young stock. In modern dairy farms, the method of stimulation and synchronization of sexual hunting in cows, which excludes not only the need for its detection, but also helps in the treatment of gynecological diseases and is relevant in the management of infertility.The research is aimed at determining the effectiveness of hormonal stimulation of sexual hunting in cows as a way to combat infertility. The research was conducted from 2020 to early 2021on the basis of 520 cows and 80 heifers of the Holstein Red-Rescue breed belonging to LLC "Semenovsky", Lipovodolinsky district, Sumy region.In order to establish functional sexual disorders, the cows that did not come in the hunt for 24-30 days after calving or showed the hunt repeatedly, as well as those which demonstrated the hunt in a month after reaching their physiological maturity and did not show signs of sexual activity were selected for the research. Thus, the groups of cows that were synchronized and stimulated with the use of estrogens and utaglandones according to the protocol "Ovsinh" were formed. Totally there were 210 processed cows, after the calving of which more than 90 days had passed.During the experiment, a persistent yellow body was diagnosed in 42 cows, while 33 cows were diagnosed with the initial stages of cyst development. In early 2021, all cows, which were subjected to induction and synchronization with subsequent artificial insemination calved. After the first insemination, fertility which happened in the result of synchronization was 47,14 %, and after the second injection of hormonal preparations it accounted for 38,1 %. The total number of cows fertilized for stimulation made up 66,2 % of those which were subjected to hormonal processing. As a result, the birth of calves constituted 93,5 %. At the initial stages of the development of cysts with the presence of a persistent yellow body, the efficiency of stimulation was 56 %.Thus, the application of the scheme of stimulation and synchronization of "Ovsinh" will be effective in combating infertility in cows and can be used to improve the number of livestock.
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