Polyethersulfone (PES) is widely used as biomaterials due to its thermal stability, mechanical strength, and chemical inertness. Nevertheless, their blood compatibility is still not adequate for hemodialysis. Moreover, it is very difficult to change the molecular structure by chemical modification due to the very stable chemical characteristics. In this study, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as an additive in the preparing of PES membrane in order to improve the hydrophilicity and blood compatibility. The result shows that the PVP-added PES membrane has higher water flux, water adsorption, and lower water contact angle (CA) than the pristine PES membrane. This indicates that the hydrophilicity of PES membrane was improved through adding PVP. Moreover, adding PVP as an additive could effectively reduce bovine serum albumin adsorption and prolong the blood coagulation time, thereby improving blood compatibility of PES membrane.
Curved electronics, which are better coordinated and blended with the natural world due to the characteristics of large contact area, high space adaptability, etc., have been widely used in a quantity of areas ranging from conformal curved antennas and sensors in detection and measurement, to artificial smart skin of aerospace. Recent developments in curved electronics have made an increasing progress to the historic drawbacks of conventional planar electronics, however significant challenges still exist. Here, the main kinds of conformal fabrication technologies, including transfer printing, assembly techniques, curved lithography, conformal inkjet printing, 3D printing, and laser direct writing, are reviewed to realize manufacturing deformable/undeformable electronics on curved or arbitrary surfaces. The processes and features of each technology are comprehensively summarized together with their progress and potential values. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for fabricating conformal electronics on arbitrary surfaces are also discussed.
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