SUMMARY The Clutch Cutter was invented as a scissor-type knife for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of gastrointestinal neoplasms. ESD with the scissor-type knife (ESD-S) may be considered a technically easier procedure than ESD with non-scissor-type knives (ESD-NS). Therefore, this study aimed to compare the technical outcomes of ESD-S with those of ESD-NS for superficial esophageal cancer. This was a multicenter retrospective study. Patients with superficial esophageal cancer treated with ESD between October 2015 and March 2018 at three hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. The ESD-S group had 48 patients and the ESD-NS group had 114 patients. A propensity score matching analysis was performed to compensate for the confounding bias between both groups. Multivariate analyses and propensity score matching were used to adjust for age, sex, the tumor size, tumor location, tumor depth, degree of tumor circumference, operator level, usage of the traction method, and the sedation method. The primary outcome was the procedure time of the ESD. Secondary outcomes were the rate of en-bloc/complete resection and the rate of complications including perforation, delayed bleeding, and stricture. Propensity score matching analysis provided 36 matched pairs. Median procedure time in the ESD-S group was significantly shorter than that in the ESD-NS group (44.0 min vs. 66.5 min, P = 0.020). In addition, the treatment outcomes were similar in both groups (en-bloc resection: 100% vs. 97.2%, P = 1; complete resection: 88.9% vs. 86.1%, P = 1; curative resection: 80.6% vs. 77.8%, P = 1; perforation: 0% vs. 5.6%, P = 0.49; delayed bleeding: 0% in both groups; stricture: 2.8% vs. 8.3%, P = 0.61). ESD-S was associated with a shorter procedure time than ESD-NS, without an increase in the incidence of complications. Therefore, the scissor-type knife should be considered as an endo-knife for ESD of superficial esophageal cancers.

A 74-year-old man was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma. The tumor in the liver showed a complete response after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, but lung, bone, and lymph node metastases were observed, so treatment with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab was initiated. After administration, the scans showed tumor growth, but after continuous administration of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, the tumors finally reduced in size and showed a partial response. The transient growth of the tumors was considered to be pseudoprogression. Herein, we report a case of pseudoprogression in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab.

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a standard treatment for tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. We developed a self-completion method of ESD using Endosaber to eliminate the need for an additional device or human assistance during the procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility and outcomes of this method in an ex vivo porcine training model. Methods: This was a pilot study, and the procedures were performed by 4 experts. Mock lesions measuring 15 mm in diameter were prepared at the posterior wall in the middle or lower esophagus obtained from domestic pigs. Each operator performed ESD on the mock lesions in 3 models. The primary outcome was ESD completion rate using the self-completion method. The secondary outcomes were procedure time, en bloc resection rate, perforation rate, and number of injections during the procedure. Results: All 12 ESDs were completed using the self-completion method. The median procedure time (interquartile range) was 483.5 (399–619.3) s (median incision time: 240.4 [168.3–332.5] s; median dissection time: 222 [182.8–257] s). En bloc resection rate was 100%. No perforation was noted during any of the procedures. The median number of injections was 10.5 (9–14.3). The procedure time decreased significantly with increase in experience (p = 0.020). Conclusions: The self-completion ESD method using one Endosaber without any assistance achieved a 100% en bloc resection rate without any perforation. The need for an additional device or assistance was successfully eliminated. This method may prove to be a simple and cost-effective ESD procedure for lesions in humans.

Background: Gastrointestinal decompression through ileus tube is useful for the treatment of adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO). Gastrogra n administration through the ileus tube is performed if decompression therapy fails to relieve obstruction. However, the e cacy and appropriate timing of gastrogra n administration are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the e cacy of gastrogra n administration within 48 h after admission. Methods: This retrospective study used the data of patients with ASBO admitted to our hospital between January 2014 and August 2018 and included those who underwent ileus tube intubation but did not achieve obstruction relief for over 24 h after admission. The patients were classi ed into the following two groups: those treated with gastrogra n administration within 48 h after admission (EGA group) and those treated without gastrogra n administration within 48 h after admission (non-EGA [NEGA] group). Propensity-score matching was performed to compensate for confounding differences between the groups. The short-term outcomes including the rate of successful conservative management without surgery, the period until the rst stool, the period of ileus tube intubation, the total period of hospital admission, and adverse events due to gastrogra n administration were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Results: This study included 152 patients: 67 in the EGA group and 85 in the NEGA group. Fifty-ve pairs were matched with similar background characteristics. After matching, the rates of successful conservative management were 89.1% (49/55) and 94.5% (52/55) in the matched EGA and NEGA groups, respectively (P=0.49). Although the median insertion days of ileus tube in the NEGA group were signi cantly lesser than those in the EGA group (7 [5-9] vs. 5 [4.5-7], P=0.017), other therapeutic outcomes did not differ signi cantly. In the NEGA group, 5.5%(3/55) achieved obstruction relief without gastrogra n administration. Aspiration pneumonia occurred in one patients of EGA group. Conclusions: Gastrogra n administration with ileus tube achieved a high rate of successful conservative management. Follow-up by decompression with ileus tube for at least 48 h after admission is required in patients with ASBO, which may avoid unnecessary gastrogra n administration and consequently reduce the total cost of treatment.

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Background: Gastrointestinal decompression through ileus tube is useful for the treatment of adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO). Gastrografin administration through the ileus tube is performed if decompression therapy fails to relieve obstruction. However, the efficacy and appropriate timing of gastrografin administration are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of gastrografin administration within 48 h after admission. Methods: This retrospective study used the data of patients with ASBO admitted to our hospital between January 2014 and August 2018 and included those who underwent ileus tube intubation but did not achieve obstruction relief for over 24 h after admission. The patients were classified into the following two groups: those treated with gastrografin administration within 48 h after admission (EGA group) and those treated without gastrografin administration within 48 h after admission (non-EGA [NEGA] group). Propensity-score matching was performed to compensate for confounding differences between the groups. The short-term outcomes including the rate of successful conservative management without surgery, the period until the first stool, the period of ileus tube intubation, the total period of hospital admission, and adverse events due to gastrografin administration were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Results: This study included 152 patients: 67 in the EGA group and 85 in the NEGA group. Fifty-five pairs were matched with similar background characteristics. After matching, the rates of successful conservative management were 89.1% (49/55) and 94.5% (52/55) in the matched EGA and NEGA groups, respectively (P=0.49). Although the median insertion days of ileus tube in the NEGA group were significantly lesser than those in the EGA group (7 [5–9] vs. 5 [4.5–7], P=0.017), other therapeutic outcomes did not differ significantly. In the NEGA group, 5.5% (3/55) achieved obstruction relief without gastrografin administration. Aspiration pneumonia occurred in one patients of EGA group. Conclusions: Gastrografin administration with ileus tube achieved a high rate of successful conservative management. Follow-up by decompression with ileus tube for at least 48 h after admission is required in patients with ASBO, which may avoid unnecessary gastrografin administration and consequently reduce the total cost of treatment.

Background Gastrointestinal decompression through ileus tube is useful for the treatment of adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO). Gastrografin administration through the ileus tube is performed if decompression therapy fails to relieve obstruction. However, the appropriate timing of gastrografin administration is unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of gastrografin administration within 48 h after admission.Methods This retrospective study used the data of patients with ASBO admitted to our hospital between January 2014 and August 2018. The study included those who underwent ileus tube intubation but did not achieve obstruction relief for over 24 h after admission. The patients were classified into the following two groups: those treated with gastrografin administration within 48 h after admission (EGA group) and those treated without gastrografin administration within 48 h after admission (non-EGA [NEGA] group). Propensity-score matching was performed to compensate for confounding differences between the groups. The short-term outcomes of therapeutic effectiveness such as the rate of surgery avoidance, the period until the first stool, period of ileus tube intubation, and total period of hospital admission were evaluated and compared between the two groups.Results This study included 152 patients: 67 in the EGA group and 85 in the NEGA group. Fifty-five pairs were matched with similar background characteristics. After matching, the rates of surgery avoidance were 89.1% (49/55) and 94.5% (52/55) in the matched EGA and NEGA groups, respectively (P = 0.49). Although the median insertion days of ileus tube in the NEGI group were significantly lesser than those in the EGA group (7 [5–9] vs. 5 [4.5–7], P = 0.017), other therapeutic outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups. In the non-EGA group, 5.5% (3/55) achieved obstruction relief without gastrografin administration.Conclusions Early gastrografin administration might not be superior to non-early gastrografin administration in clinical outcomes of patients with ASBO. Follow-up by decompression with ileus tube for at least 48 h after admission is required in patients with ASBO, which may avoid unnecessary gastrografin administration and consequently reduce the total cost of treatment.