Interarm blood pressure difference (IAD) is a risk factor for peripheral artery disease and cardio‐cerebral vascular disease (CCVD). The current study examines the association of IAD with stroke and coronary heart disease in a Chinese community. A cross‐sectional study was conducted in Pudong New Area in Shanghai, China. A total of 10 657 residents aged 15 years and older were randomly selected through three‐stage sampling. Volunteers had systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) measured in both arms at recruitment, and IAD was defined in both arms as the absolute difference in BP. Medical records of study participants were reviewed by investigators to confirm measurements. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between systolic interarm blood pressure difference (sIAD) and diastolic interarm blood pressure difference (dIAD) with stroke and coronary heart disease. Compared with dIAD <5 mm Hg, the multivariate adjusted odds ratio (OR) of stroke prevalence was 1.357 (95% CI 0.725‐2.542, P = 0.034) for dIAD ≥20 mm Hg and 1.702 (95% CI1.025‐2.828, P = 0.040) for dIAD between 15 and 19 mm Hg, and the multivariate adjusted OR of coronary heart disease prevalence was 1.726 (95% CI 1.093‐2.726, P = 0.019) for dIAD ≥20 mm Hg and 1.498 (95% CI 0.993‐2.261, P = 0.044) for dIAD between 15 and 19 mm Hg. The relationship between cardio‐cerebral vascular disease and dIAD was significant in a Chinese community population. Further cohort studies are needed to investigate the association of different levels of IAD with the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and subsequent mortality.
Background Prior research has confirmed the efficacy of exercise training (ET) in patients with prediabetes. However, whether the effectiveness of a combination of exercise and psychological intervention (EP) is better than ET alone in prediabetes in terms of physiological function, psychological status and glycometabolism has rarely been investigated. Methods Forty newly diagnosed prediabetes patients (65.3 ± 8.1 years) took part in the study. Subjects were divided into a pure ET group and a combined EP group. Interventions were conducted in 40–50-min sessions twice weekly for 32 weeks. Physiological, psychological and biochemical indicator measurements were taken after pre-, mid- and post-interventions, respectively. Results The main finding confirmed a significant improvement in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate, high-density lipoprotein, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from pre- to mid- and post-test differentially in both groups (P < 0.05) by post hoc analyses. The EP group has a greater magnitude of improvement of DBP than the ET group. Significant differences were observed in FPG at mid-intervention and total cholesterol at post-intervention between the ET and EP groups. Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) scores of EP group were significantly less than ET group after post-intervention. Conclusion Our results suggest that EP might be a promising method lead to more apparent long-term effects on glycometabolism and psychological status for prediabetes patients. Other domains were improved by both interventions, but no typical pattern could be identified. Its underlying mechanisms need further study, and directions for future research are suggested.
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