The transition to a digital economy is becoming a key driver of GDP growth. This is due not only to the effect obtained from the automation of existing processes, but also from the introduction of new, breakthrough business models and technologies, including digital platforms, digital ecosystems, in-depth analytics of big data, Industry 4.0, Logistics 4.0. At the same time, digital transformation is seen as a radical change in the complex of business processes, from product development to customer service, as well as the introduction of modern digital technologies in the organization of business processes in enterprises. The purpose of the article is to analysis the features and trends of organizing logistics activities in the context of digital transformation of business processes; research of the main prerequisites for the formation of the Logistics 4.0 concept; determination of priority directions for its further development in the context of Industry 4.0. Based on the generalization of scientific approaches, the definition of the concept of "Logistics 4.0" has been clarified, which means the modern paradigm of managing logistic (material, financial, information, transport) flows and organizing a complex of logistics activities (purchase and delivery of material resources, warehousing, production, stock formation, recycling of industrial waste, customer service, transportation and sale of finished products) using breakthrough digital technologies and information systems. The priority areas of organizing the logistics activities of enterprises using digital technologies include the following: multichannel logistics; logistics marketplaces; rethinking the use of packaging; mass personalization; Silver Economy (new services for older clients and new opportunities for older workers); sustainable logistics; sharing economy; multi-supply; customer experience; smart containerization; big data analytics; augmented and virtual reality; cloud service applications and APIs; Internet of Things; robotics and automation; new generation wireless communication; blockchain; Artificial Intelligence; unmanned aerial vehicles or "drones"; 3D printing; unmanned vehicles; quantum computing; supergrid logistics; space logistics; the use of digital platforms that unite customers and transport and logistics companies (the parties can enter into digital contracts, exchange transport booking requests and electronic documents, control the delivery of goods in real time). All this can help to reduce costs by optimizing procurement; decrease in personnel costs and decrease in labour costs as a result of automation; reduction of errors in logistics; optimization of the supply process; efficient warehouse management; forecasting shipments; creation of optimal routes; operational planning of loads and control of delivery times; ensuring product delivery on time, improving customer loyalty; optimal interaction with customers on the "last mile".
At the present stage of rapid formation of the digital space, the problems of e-commerce development are becoming relevant. The article aims at generalizing and systematizing the existing scientific approaches to the interpretation of the "e-commerce" concept, and substantiating the author’s approach to defining the essence and content of this term. To achieve this goal, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, structural and logical generalization, and classification are used. It has been found out that most researchers identify e-commerce with such concepts as e-business, Internet business, IT business, e-marketing, e-trading, digital marketing, Internet-marketing, Internet-trading, Internet-commerce, e-retail, virtual trading, distance trading, electronic trading. Scientific approaches to formulating the term "e-commerce" can be systematized according to classification groups: part of e-business; type of economic activity; economic activity; commercial activity; type of electronic commercial activity; type of entrepreneurship; specific type of trade; marketing strategy; type of business process; electronic interaction of economic entities; type of trade through information and communication technologies; electronic commercial agreement; type of public relations for the sale of goods; a set of rules for the implementation of electronic relations for the purchase and sale of goods. Summing up the results of scientific research on the conceptual framework, the author interprets the term "e-commerce" as a component of e-business, the essence of which is to strengthen partnerships in buying and selling products using digital technologies and information systems; as an effective form of organizing logistics activities of enterprises by using information and communication technologies and systems; as a tool for promoting products in the market using digital technologies.
In the modern conditions of digital economy and a large number of force majeure events, both economic and social, the issues of providing production with the necessary material and digital resources and their efficient use become especially relevant; improving the operational and strategic management of warehousing, inventories, differentiated transport flows, sales activities and customer experience. In order to ensure the effective operation of enterprises should organize their activities in such a way as to avoid risk, loss and costs associated with the organization of logistics processes, production, transportation and marketing, customer focus, and maximize revenue. First of all, these goals can be achieved by improving the management of logistics activities of enterprises, taking into account the analysis of the components of the concept, their relationship and taking into account the presence of accelerated and uneven digitization process. It is established that it is expedient to develop and implement management decisions in the following key areas: procurement and supply of material resources (calculation of the optimal volume of the supply of material resources, optimization of procurement strategy, improving procurement management using the method of multicriteria assessment) traffic flow management (introduction of cargo flow management information systems, use of automated document processing in the design of the cargo transportation process, development of proposals for optimizing transport loading, use of Internet technology to automate transport processes); customer experience management (analysis of shipment volumes, forecasting shipment volumes to consumers, development of proposals to increase the level of logistics services, formation of a system of contractual relations with consumers, improvement of customer-oriented approach to service of different categories of consumers in the context of relationship marketing); sales management (justification of the network approach to the organization of sales activities of enterprises; improving the mechanism of public-private partnership in sales management of enterprises based on the organizational and legal form of the syndicate, methodological approach to choosing the optimal sales channel for finished products; commerce as an effective tool for promoting products on the market).
A retrospective analysis of the essence of the term «logistics», consideration of different scientific approaches, the historical context of the evolutionary development of logistics can be considered as a theoretical basis for the definition of digital logistics. In the context of the spread of digitalization and strengthening the relationship and speed of interaction of market participants in logistics services, a comprehensive understanding of the essence of digital logistics and prospects for its further development is the key to effective business. The article presents the key components and main trends in the development of digital logistics. Emphasis is placed on the importance of taking into account changes in consumer consciousness, in particular environmental responsibility, as a result of the impact of digitalization on the market, taking into account the final personalized consumer.
In the current conditions of rapid digitalization of the worldwide space, taking into account global factors, which are being forced, including such «black swans» as the COVID-19 pandemic, the issues of e-commerce development in the context of certain regions are being activated. The article is aimed at studying and identifying the features and trends of e-commerce development in the Latin American region, a detailed analysis of Brazil, Mexico and Argentina as the largest markets in the region. To achieve this aim, the methods of scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, statistical analysis, comparison, structural and logical generalization were used. The article determines that, given the large population of the region with a significant stratification of society, the region has seen a sharp increase in the e-commerce market, including by means of the mass digitalization of the end user to meet the need for remote work and training during the pandemic. Most researchers distinguish the markets of Brazil, Mexico and Argentina as the largest in the region. There is a significant increase in the presence of regional and global platforms, with an emphasis on the problem of disproportionately large volume of Asian products sold by global platforms. The increase in the volume of trading platforms can have a beneficial impact on the improvement of logistics infrastructure in the region, which is currently one of the key problems. Among the existing problems, experts also indicate a low level of penetration of banking services and a high degree of cash circulation. Due to the specifics of the banking sector, not all local cards are valid on international trading platforms, which is one of the deterrent factors for the development of e-commerce. Based on statistical analysis, it is determined that in the current realities of the Latin American region, the process of digitalization of all e-commerce market participants is experienced while maintaining trends in the steady growth of key indicators of Internet commerce. This characterizes the region as promising in terms of increasing market volumes, the number of Internet consumers, the level of Internet penetration, the modernization of the banking sector and changes in legislation. At the same time, it is identified that in the presence of problems of the shadow economy, a low degree of public confidence in the banking sector, the preservation of a significant disparity in the incomes of categories of the population, there is a need to revalue the prospects and conditions for the further development of the e-commerce market in the post-pandemic period.
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