Monte Carlo calculations of radiation dosimetry using MORSE code are performed for 125I and 60Co point sources in a cylindrical head phantom that simulates the geometry of eye plaque therapy for choroidal melanoma. We obtain the dose variation in the eye at submillimeter intervals over distances as close as 1 mm and up to 2.5 cm from the source. The calculations for 125I are performed for the phantom media of water, protein, and a homogenized protein-water mixture simulating the composition of the eye. Relative dose functions for 125I for these phantom media are fitted to second-degree polynomials. Agreement is found with published results. The relative dose function for 60Co at eye position in the water head phantom is fitted to a third-degree polynomial and compared with that for 60Co at the center of a large water sphere. A boundary effect due to the head phantom-air interface on the dose distribution for 60Co is demonstrated. The dose falloff with distance is faster for the eye geometry compared with the bulk geometry. We also show that the relative dose distributions within the tumor are comparable for 125I and 60Co by comparing their relative dose functions. This result is consistent with the success of clinical trials of large melanoma treatments with 125I plaques.
The racemization of (S)-profen 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl thioesters in isooctane with trioctylamine as base was carried out, in which the Hammett equation log(k(int)) = 3.584sigma - 3.745 was successfully applied to describe the electron-withdrawing effect of the substituents to the alpha-phenyl moiety of the thioesters. A combination of neutral strong organic bases with different nonpolar solvents was employed to determine the second-order interconversion constants for the racemization of (S)-naproxen 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl thioester, in which solvent hydrophobicity was found to have less effect on the racemization. Implication for ion-pair kinetic basicity scale for the neutral strong bases in isooctane was further discussed.
By using a standardized method of cervical esophagraphy, parathyroid adenomas were successfully localized preoperatively in 19 of 20 consecutive patients with hyperparathyrodism. Two of the 19 patients had a second adenoma which was not demonstrated. The esophagrams were performed in the frontal projection with a 105-mm camera by utilizing rapid sequential filming. Film exposure was synchronized so that roentgenograms were obtained with the esophagus maximally distended. A persistent indentation of the esophagus present on multiple films was compatible with parathyroid enlargement. Our results suggest that cervical esophagrams are useful in the preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas.
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