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Copper(II) complexes are extremely labile with typical ligand exchange rate constants on the order of 10 6 −10 9 M −1 s −1 . As a result, it is often difficult to identify the actual formation mechanism of these complexes. In this work, using UV−vis transient absorption when probing in a broad time range (20 ps to 8 μs) in conjunction with DFT/TDDFT calculations, we studied the dynamics and underlying reaction mechanisms of the formation of extremely labile copper(II) CuCl 4 2− chloro complexes from copper(II) CuCl 3 − trichloro complexes and chloride ions. These two species, produced via photochemical dissociation of CuCl 4 2− upon 420 nm excitation into the ligand-to-metal-charge-transfer electronic state, are found to recombine into parent complexes with bimolecular rate constants of (9.0 ± 0.1) × 10 7 and (5.3 ± 0.4) × 10 8 M −1 s −1 in acetonitrile and dichloromethane, respectively. In dichloromethane, recombination occurs via a simple one-step addition. In acetonitrile, where [CuCl 3 ]− reacts with the solvent to form a [CuCl 3 CH 3 CN] − complex in less than 20 ps, recombination takes place via ligand exchange described by the associative interchange mechanism that involves a [CuCl 4 CH 3 CN] 2− intermediate. In both solvents, the recombination reaction is potential energy controlled.

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