Over the last few years, lots of attentions have been given to the demand response (DR) for the frequency control. DR can be incorporated with traditional frequency control method and enhance the stability of the system. In this paper, the frequency control strategy of DR for a multiarea power system is specially designed. In order to quickly stabilize the frequency of different areas, the tie-line power is adopted as the additional input signal of DR. To get the optimal parameters of the control system, the frequency control problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem, and the parameters such as the integral gains of secondary frequency control, the frequency bias parameters, and coefficients of DR are optimized. Numerical results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Due to their heat/cool storage characteristics, thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) play an important role in demand response programmers. However, modeling of the heat/cool storage characteristic of large numbers of TCLs is not simple. In this paper, the heat exchange power is adopted to calculate the power instead of the average power, and the relationship between the heat exchange power and energy storage is considered to develop an equivalent storage model, based on which the time-varying power constraints and the energy storage constraints are developed, to establish the overall day-ahead scheduling model. Finally, the proposed scheduling method is verified using the simulation results of a six-bus system.
The distribution network reconfiguration (DNR) aims at minimizing the power losses and improving the voltage profile. Traditional model-based methods exactly need the network parameters to derive the optimal configuration of the distribution network. This paper proposes a DNR method based on model-free reinforcement learning (RL) approach. The proposed method adopts NoisyNet deep Q-learning network (DQN), by which the exploration can be automatically realized without need of tuning the exploration parameters, in order to accelerate the training process and improve the optimization performance. The proposed method is validated by the simulation results.
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