Due to the acute shortage of coke for the blast furnaces at the West Siberian Metallurgical Combine, the combine has conducted trial heats with the use of fine fractions of coke (36-25 mm). The content of fines was increased to 30% of the total coke content of the charge (the transition was made during a period when the furnaces were operating satisfactorily). To maintain the existing smelting rate, steps were taken to stabilize the operation of the hearth and keep the furnaces running smoothly.To prevent blockage of the hearth, washing materials (scales, welding slag, converter slag) were included in the charges and a specific tapping schedule was followed. Also, theoretical combustion temperature at the tuyeres was kept 20-30~ higher than normal (2100-2150~by changing the ratio of the parameters of the combination blast, consisting of oxygen and natural gas.The charge for smelting contained local sinter (90-95%) of two fractions (15-30 mm and +30 mm) and Tashtagol ore (10-5%)coarser than 25 mm. The total content of iron-bearing materials in the rounds was 50-54 tons and the total content of coke was 13.5-15.0 tons. The burden ratio was varied from 3.50 to 3.82 tons/ton coke, depending on the degree of forcing of the smelting operation.It was found that the use of coke fines (36-25 mm) in the charge of a blast furnace having a standard bell-and-hopper charging apparatus without additional devices to regulate charge distribution resulted in a moderate decline in performance indices. For example, using from 5 to 30% fines in the coke portion of the charge led to the following: a reduction in actual productivity by 0.9--6.5%; a reduction in smelting rate based on the quantity of melted ore, total carbon input, and wind rate; more nonuniform distribution of the gas flow across the furnace; an increase in scatter of the temperatures of the peripheral gases to more than 120-130~ During the test periods, there was a 4.0-4.5% (abs.) increase in the content of carbon dioxide in the central zone of the furnaces (Fig. 1) and a decrease in the utilization of the reducing and heat energies of the gas flow. For example, use of the chemical energy of carbon monoxide during the test periods decreased by 0.12-0.90% and use of the chemical energy of hydrogen declined 1.0-3.4% (abs.). These changes were accompanied by a 5-20~ increase in top-gas temperature, which characterizes the degree to which the heat energy of the gas flow is being used. Actual unit coke consumption increased from 3.6 (0.81%) to 9.1 (2.0%) kg/ton pig, while coke consumption adjusted for the conditions of the base period (iron content of the charge, natural-gas consumption, hot-blast temperature, etc.) increased to 1.4%. Routine downtime increased by
Тамбовский научно-исследовательский сельскохозяйственный институт Федерального агентства научных организаций», Среднерусский филиал, г. Тамбов ФГБОУ ВПО «Тамбовский государственный университет им. Г. Р. Державина», г. Тамбов Рецензент д-р биол. наук, профессор Г. А. Лада Ключевые слова: возбудитель; источники устойчивости; патоген; пшеница; селекция; сорт; стрессовый фактор. Аннотация: Установлено, что патогенный комплекс возбудителей септориоза пшеницы в ЦЧР представлен тремя видами септориальных грибов: Septoria tritici, Stagonospora avenae f. sp. triticea, Stagonospora nodorum. Популяция возбудителя твердой головни пшеницы дифференцирована по вирулентности на 16 физиологических рас (1-4, 6, 8-11, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20, 13(6), BtM). Для повышения результативности селекции на устойчивость к бурой ржавчине перспективными являются Lr9 и LrAg. Устойчивость к возбудителю твердой головни пшеницы обеспечивали как одиночные олигогены: Bt 1 Bt 4 , Bt 6 , так и комбинации их в одном генотипе: Bt 1 Bt 4 ; Bt 1 Bt 4 Bt 6 ; Bt 1 Bt 3 Bt 4. Проведены испытания сортов и гибридов промышленных видов яровой пшеницы отечественной и зарубежной селекции Зеленева Юлия Витальевна-кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунитета растений, e-mail:
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