Peroxisomes account for ~35% of total HO generation in mammalian tissues. Peroxisomal ACOX1 (acyl-CoA oxidase 1) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid β-oxidation and a major producer of HO ACOX1 dysfunction is linked to peroxisomal disorders and hepatocarcinogenesis. Here, we show that the deacetylase sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is present in peroxisomes and that ACOX1 is a physiological substrate of SIRT5. Mechanistically, SIRT5-mediated desuccinylation inhibits ACOX1 activity by suppressing its active dimer formation in both cultured cells and mouse livers. Deletion of SIRT5 increases HO production and oxidative DNA damage, which can be alleviated by knockdown. We show that SIRT5 downregulation is associated with increased succinylation and activity of ACOX1 and oxidative DNA damage response in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our study reveals a novel role of SIRT5 in inhibiting peroxisome-induced oxidative stress, in liver protection, and in suppressing HCC development.

The single-shot compressed ultrafast photography (CUP) camera is the fastest receive-only camera in the world. In this Letter, we introduce an external CCD camera and a space- and intensity-constrained (SIC) reconstruction algorithm to improve the image quality of CUP. The external CCD camera takes a time-unsheared image of the dynamic scene. Unlike the previously used unconstrained algorithm, the proposed algorithm incorporates both spatial and intensity constraints based on the additional prior information provided by the external CCD camera. First, a spatial mask is extracted from the time-unsheared image to define the zone of action. Next, an intensity threshold is determined based on the similarity between the temporally projected image of the reconstructed datacube and the time-unsheared image. Both simulation and experimental studies show that the SIC reconstruction improves the spatial resolution, contrast, and general quality of the reconstructed image.

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Template wetting methods have been widely applied in the preparation of one-dimensional (1D) polymer nanomaterials. The pattern control using the template wetting methods, however, still remains a great challenge, mainly due to the nonselectivity of the polymers toward the environmental triggering. In this work, we present a facile light-induced nanowetting (LIN) method to fabricate patterned nanoarrays using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. Photoresponsive azobenzene-containing polymers (azopolymers) that exhibit light-induced reversible solid-to-liquid transitions are used. Upon exposure to ultraviolet lights, the azopolymer chains can wet the nanopores of the AAO templates in a liquid state via capillary force. The azopolymer chains are then solidified by illuminating them with visible lights, resulting in the formation of azopolymer nanoarrays. Notably, using designed photomasks, the patterns of the nanoarrays can be ingeniously controlled with the characteristic of erasable and rewritable nanostructures.