With the development of organic agricultural certification, organic certification company as a professional economic form to organize organic certification activities with information service function is well aware of growing importance. Organic agricultural certification spatial network is composed of company organizing network and service network of organic certification, whose united operation generates the spatial network of organic certification. Much attention is paid to the spatial network of organic certification company. The organic agricultural information centers in China are classified into three types: monolayer endogenous type, monolayer radiation type and multilayer divergence type. This paper analyses the spatial networks of organic certification information centers of Nanjing and Beijing. The interaction between company organizing network and service network of organic certification spatial network is one of the main drivers of Chinese organic agriculture.
Document NO.1 of the Central Government and the report of the eighteenth National Congress has aroused widespread concern in academic circles with its emphasis on rural micro-management body, while research on spatial organization of organic agricultural enterprise under the paradigm of enterprise network is still insufficiency. The paper analyzed the organic agricultural spatial organization of headquarters, processing factories and bases in China by the end of 2012, which reflects the overall development level of the enterprise network is low, and the organizational structure shows an inverted "T" type distribution. Heilongjiang, Zhejiang, Shandong and Sichuan provinces scale the highest level. Regional organizations are quite different on spatial distribution, while strong networking provinces mainly gather in the east coast, northeast and west regions, and due to the strength of the dominant organizational functions, provinces can be divided into seven types, such as headquarters-type, base-type, headquarters-processing type. Natural resources, geographical embeddedness, institutional environment, flexible production level and regional innovation capability are the five drivers of spatial organization, and measures can be taken to develop organic agriculture from four aspects of policy guidelines, strategic planning, marketing planning and technical guidance.
The rapid growth of rural industry has resulted in increased financial well-being, with improvement of farmers’ salaries and development of urbanization. However, it has also contributed to decreased environmental quality and heavy consumption of resources, which were seriously threatening the sustainable economic and social development of China. Little, if any, related research has been published and few of these articles approach the topic from a rural perspective. Systematic evaluation system is lack of study. This paper tries to establish environmental effects assessment model for the ecological footprint of rural industry based on traditional footprint theory, then takes Jimo of Shandong Province and Zhuji of Zhejiang Province for instance to analyze environmental effects of rural industry. The results shows that the resources environmental effects of both regions are different and the ecological footprint per capita of both regions had increased from 2000 to 2009. The upward trend of Zhuji is more obvious and the industrial footprint per capita of Jimo is lower than Zhuji with the gap increasing in the decades. The treatment efficiency of industrial waste of Jimo is higher than that of Zhuji. The population of both regions are close, but the gap of industrial ecological footprint between them are expanding. The GDP ecological footprint of Zhuji was higher than that of Jimo, which means the rural industry of Zhuji put more pressure on the environment.
In recent years, considerable worldwide development in organic agriculture has attracted widespread attention from scholars both within and outside China, driven by its effects on environmental protection, food safety and health, international green barriers, At present, most of the existing research focuses on the production technology, development mode and benefit evaluation of organic agriculture, with relatively less concern about the activities of organic agricultural enterprises. Based on the indicators of number of enterprises, number of certificates, and certificate types, this paper analyzes the features characterizing the spatial distribution of organic agricultural enterprises in China. The results show that there are significant spatial variations in degree of diversity, degree of concentration, and evolving trajectories. It suggests that provinces and autonomous regions should give full play to the regional comparative advantages in order to facilitate the development of different types of organic agriculture.
Organic certification system is an important part of organic agricultural production network. As the core of information network, Organic certification agencies are pivotal to our understanding of the structure, organization and effects of the network. This paper, taking the spatial distribution, organization and the influential area of the information center as the basis, suggests that the information network of organic agriculture in China is characterized by high degree of unevenness, and hierarchical order in development level. The analysis shows that the whole network can be divided into three tiers. Through a case study of some key areas such as Beijing, Zhejiang and Liaoning, the study put forward some suggestions for the sustainable development of organic information network.
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