PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of alginate as a vehicle to protect coenzyme Q10 in liposomes.Design/methodology/approachEncapsulation efficiency and stability were conducted at varying temperatures (20, 30, 40°C) for 5 d and at exposure to simulated gastric conditions (pH 2) for 2 h. The content of coenzyme Q10 was determined using HPLC (LC/MS). Cytotoxicity and phagocytosis of mouse macrophages (RAW264.7) was determined.FindingsResults showed that thermostability was strongly improved by alginate complex formation with liposomes. Moreover, alginate could maintain coenzyme Q10 at a significantly higher level in simulated gastric pH for at least 2 h (p<0.00).Practical implicationsThis allowed a higher amount of coenzyme Q10 remaining to be absorbed in the small intestine. Alginate not only showed no toxic effect on mouse macrophages but also activated their proliferation and phagocytosis ability.Originality/valueAs a consequence, alginate could be applied as an aid to encapsulation stability and immunostimulating potency.
Transcript isoforms regulated by alternative splicing can substantially impact carcinogenesis, leading to a need to obtain clues for both gene differential expression and malfunctions of isoform distributions in cancer studies. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project was launched in 2008 to collect cancer-related genome mutation raw data from the population. While many repositories tried to add insights into the raw data in TCGA, no existing database provides both comprehensive gene-level and isoform-level cancer stage marker investigation and survival analysis. We constructed Cancer DEIso to facilitate in-depth analyses for both gene-level and isoform-level human cancer studies. Patient RNA-seq data, sample sheets, patient clinical data, and human genome datasets were collected and processed in Cancer DEIso. And four functions to search differentially expressed genes/isoforms between cancer stages were implemented: (i) Search potential gene/isoform markers for a specified cancer type and its two stages; (ii) Search potentially induced cancer types and stages for a gene/isoform; (iii) Expression survival analysis on a given gene/isoform for some cancer; (iv) Gene/isoform stage expression comparison visualization. As an example, we demonstrate that Cancer DEIso can indicate potential colorectal cancer isoform diagnostic markers that are not easily detected when only gene-level expressions are considered. Cancer DEIso is available at
http://cosbi4.ee.ncku.edu.tw/DEIso/
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