We analyze the results of the field hydrological and hydrochemical observations of the submarine discharge of underground waters near the cape Aiya (South Coast of the Crimea) obtained with the help of the measuring equipment developed at the Marine Hydrophysical Institute of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences. We measure the current velocities, temperature, salinity, and the contents of silicic acid and phosphates inside a karst cavity and in the test region around the cavity. We present three estimates of the output of submarine discharge and compute the amounts of silicic acid and phosphates carried out into the sea by the submarine source.The submarine discharge of underground waters from karst cavities is a fairly complicated hydrophysical process. It can be schematically represented as the motion of flows with different densities: a fresh-water flow (underground waters), a partially freshened flow (a mixture of fresh water and seawater), and a flow of seawater. This motion is affected by numerous external factors, such as waves (wind, baric, and standing waves, swell), surge and tidal phenomena, longshore currents, etc. Hence, the hydrodynamic and hydrochemical conditions change both inside a karst cavity characterized by the presence of submarine discharge of underground waters and in the water area surrounding the cavity. Indeed, we observe the variations of the vertical and horizontal distributions of flow velocities, the thicknesses of the moving layers, and the hydrological and hydrochemical fields. The analysis of these processes is of a great scientific and practical interest. In the present work, we study some aspects of this problem and the general situation formed directly in the source of submarine discharge, i.e., in the karst cavity.In September 2007, the researchers of the Marine Hydrophysical Institute of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences carried out complex observations of the submarine discharge of underground waters in the region near Cape Aiya (Crimea), including the program of measurements of current velocities, temperature, salinity, and the contents of silicic acid and phosphates. The measurements were performed in the region of a karst cavity at a distance of 100 m from Cape Peleketo and inside the cavity. In Fig. 1, we present a schematic map of the region of works and indicate the locations of hydrological stations made outside the cavity.The data obtained as a result of hydrological and hydrochemical surveys carried out in the test range near the cavity (stations 14-36) and flexible towing of CTD-probes along the coastline (at a distance of 5 m from the coast) at a depth of ~ 0.1-0.2 m enable one to rapidly detect the presence of submarine discharge [1,2].
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