The Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (STREAM) instrument is used to measure motor and mobility problems in patients who have experienced a stroke. The purposes of the study were to examine the interrater reliability, concurrent and convergent validity of the STREAM instrument in stroke patients. Fifty-four stroke patients participated in the study. For the purpose of interrater reliability, the STREAM instrument was administered by two raters on each patient within a 2-day period. Validity was assessed by comparing the patients' scores on the STREAM instrument with those obtained from the other well-established measures. Weighted kappa statistics for inter-rater agreement on scores for individual items ranged from 0.55 to 0.94. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the total score was 0.96 indicating very high inter-rater reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficients were also very high in each of the subscales. The total STREAM score was moderately to highly associated with the score of the Barthel Index and Fugl-Meyer motor assessment scale, rho = 0.67, and 0.95, respectively. The STREAM subscale scores were closely associated with scores of the other well-validated measures. Our results demonstrate that consistent and valid information can be obtained from the STREAM instrument and support its use in the value of the STREAM evaluation of motor and mobility recovery in persons who have experienced a stroke.

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The primary premature ejaculation (PPE) is a common male sexual disorder. We proposed a novel behavioral therapy for PPE through regular penis-root masturbation (PRM). Nine heterosexual men with PPE completed the self-controlled study. After a 3-month PRM training, the median intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) increased from 60 s to 180 s (P = 0.018), and the mean Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) score decreased from 14.8 ± 3.7 to 12.8 ± 4.1 (P = 0.074). Five out of eight patients had the prolonged dorsal nerve somatosensory evoked potential (DNSEP). The results suggest that PRM has a short-term therapeutic effect. Randomized controlled trials are needed to validate the efficacy.

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BackgroundWhether conventional behavioral therapies for premature ejaculation can significantly improve the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time is still controversial. Prone masturbation is rare and observed in some patients with delayed ejaculation. Therefore, we tried to verify whether the regular prone masturbation training method had a therapeutic effect on premature ejaculation.MethodsFrom July to December 2018, a total of 21 patients met the enrollment criteria and volunteered to participate. Participants were diagnosed with premature ejaculation with an intravaginal ejaculatory latency time of less than 3 min and a Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool score greater than 9. Participants performed 12‐week prone masturbation training.ResultsTen patients completed the entire treatment regimen. The mean age of the 10 participants was 30.4 ± 6.1 years, the mean frequency of sexual intercourse was 1.9 ± 0.83 times a week, and the median duration of premature ejaculation was 1.5 years. After 3 months of prone masturbation training, the median self‐reported intravaginal ejaculatory latency time significantly increased from 60 to 105 s (p = 0.011), and the mean Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool scores decreased from 15.0 ± 3.7 to 12.7 ± 3.7 points (p = 0.119).ConclusionsThe regular prone masturbation training method, as a novel behavioral therapy, probably has a therapeutic effect on premature ejaculation.

The high proportion of women receiving postpartum antibiotics having no evidence for infection or documented indication for therapy suggests that antibiotics may not be appropriately used in the postpartum period.