Aim The present study aimed to investigate the risk factors and prognostic implications of aspiration pneumonia in older hip fracture patients. Methods A total of 394 female and 125 male hip fracture patients aged ≥60 years who underwent surgery between 2015 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. To identify risk factors of aspiration pneumonia, demographic factors, the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, past medical history, known risk factors of aspiration and factors associated with surgery were compared between the aspiration pneumonia group and the control group. Regression analysis was also carried out. To assess the prognostic implications of aspiration pneumonia, hospital stay, frequency of the intensive care unit admission and in‐hospital mortality rates were compared between groups. Results Aspiration pneumonia was diagnosed in 8.8% of the hip fracture patients. Increased age, low body mass index, malnutrition, longer duration of surgery and delayed surgery were identified as risk factors of aspiration pneumonia. Regarding prognostic implications, hospital stay, the frequency of intensive care unit care and in‐hospital mortality rates were significantly higher in the aspiration pneumonia group (P < 0.001, <0.001 and 0.001, respectively). Conclusions Older hip fracture patients with aspiration pneumonia showed worse prognostic outcome compared with patients without aspiration pneumonia. Longer duration of surgery and delayed surgery, as well as patient characteristics including increased age, low body mass index and malnutrition were identified as risk factors for aspiration pneumonia. Therefore, surgeons should try to reduce the operation time and the time interval between injury and surgery when treating older patients for hip fractures. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 119–123.

Objective To detail a scoping review on the global and regional relative frequencies of oral mucosal disorders in the children based on both clinical studies and those reported from biopsy records. Materials and Methods A literature search was completed from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2018 using PubMed and EMBASE. Results Twenty clinical studies (sample size: 85,976) and 34 studies from biopsy services (40,522 biopsies) were included. Clinically, the most frequent conditions were aphthous ulcerations (1.82%), trauma‐associated lesions (1.33%) and herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐associated lesions (1.33%). Overall, the most commonly biopsied lesions were mucoceles (17.12%), fibrous lesions (9.06%) and pyogenic granuloma (4.87%). By WHO geographic region, the pooled relative frequencies of the most common oral lesions were similar between regions in both clinical and biopsy studies. Across regions, geographic tongue (migratory glossitis), HSV lesions, fissured tongue and trauma‐associated ulcers were the most commonly reported paediatric oral mucosal lesions in clinical studies, while mucoceles, fibrous lesions and pyogenic granuloma were the most commonly biopsied lesions. Conclusions The scoping review suggests data from the clinical studies and biopsy records shared similarities in the most commonly observed mucosal lesions in children across regions. In addition, the majority of lesions were benign in nature.

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Dental caries, although preventable, remains one of the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide. Most studies focused on the relationship between sugar intake and caries. However, examining multidimensional dietary patterns is becoming increasingly important. Here, we examined the relationship between dietary patterns from ages 6 to 12 months and early childhood caries (ECC) at age 2 to 3-years. Infant dietary data was collected from caregivers and dietary pattern trajectories from 6 to 12 months derived. Oral examinations were carried out by trained calibrated dentists at ages 2 and 3 years. Associations between dietary pattern and ECC were estimated using generalized estimating equation. We found a 3.9 fold lower prevalence of decayed surfaces among children with high Guidelines dietary pattern scores at 6-months (IRR 0.26; CI [0.12–0.53]; p-value < 0.001) and 100% reduction of decayed surfaces with increased intakes of Guidelines dietary pattern foods from 6 to 12-month (IRR 2.4 × 10−4; CI [4.2 × 10−7–0.13]; p-value = 0.01). Suggesting that following the Guideline dietary pattern, which corresponds most closely to current World Health Organization weaning guidelines, at 6 months and an increase in pattern score between 6 and 12 months were protective against ECC development compared to Predominantly breastmilk, Easy-to-prepare foods and Noodles (in soup) and seafood dietary patterns.