Four species of xarifiid copepods, including three new species and one new distribution and host record, are discussed based on specimens obtained from a widely distributed scleractinian coral, Psammocora digitata Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851, collected from Taiwan: Xarifia conreptasp. nov., X. gracilissp. nov., X. lata sp. nov., and X. diminutaHumes & Ho, 1967. Xarifia conreptasp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by the morphology of the endopods and exopods of legs, the genital segment, maxilliped, and maxillule; X. gracilissp. nov. is diagnosed by the morphology of the leg endopods and the region dorsal to the fifth legs; and X. latasp. nov. by its shorter body length, the terminal armature of endopods and exopods, and the morphology of the maxilliped. The specimens of X. diminuta are similar to those in the original description, except for the undeveloped endopods of legs 3 and 4. Including the three new species, five species of xarifiids are now known to use P. digitata as host, raising to 18 the number of species symbiotic copepod recorded from Psammocora.
The genus Epsteinius Lin, Braby & Hsu gen. nov. is established to accommodate a new, diminutive species of limacodid moth, E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov., from central Taiwan. Although the new species is the sister taxon to Microleon Butler, 1885 according to molecular phylogenetic data, it differs fundamentally from that genus in adult morphology, wing color pattern, male and female genitalia, and larval morphology. Larvae of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov. represent an interesting case in which crypsis is based on transparency through its body color, resting behavior, and feeding pattern.
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