D-dimer, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) activity at rest and after exercise, and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity after exercise were measured in venous blood in 88 patients with atherosclerotic lesions of various degrees. According to clinical symptoms, coronary angiography (CAG), ultrasound Doppler signal and duplex and colour Doppler scanning of carotid arteries and their branches, subclavian, vertebral and peripheral arteries of the lower limbs, patients were divided into four groups. Group 1, 16 men without CAG and ultrasound signs of atherosclerotic lesions; group 2, 27 patients with CAG-confirmed coronary artery disease; group 3, 18 patients with peripheral artery occlusive disease; group 4, 27 patients with coexistence of two or more regions of atherosclerotic lesions. D-dimer was the highest in patients with the most extensive atherosclerosis: 432 +/- 164 ng.ml-1 in group 3, 429 +/- 98 ng.ml-1 in group 4 vs 163 +/- 25 ng.ml-1 in group 1, P < 0.05. There were correlations (P < 0.05) between: age and D-dimer (r = 0.29); D-dimer and t-PA (r = 0.34); D-dimer and PAI-1, r = -0.29. Patients were also analysed according to D-dimer level. In patients with the highest level of D-dimer, the lowest level of PAI-1 activity and the highest level of t-PA activity after exercise were observed. The low PAI-1 activity is probably the result of an increased release of t-PA in these patients.
In ferrous metallurgy, the potential for conserving resources is often determined by the behavior of the impurity elements in metals production. This behavior may be highly complex, and its features may be interpretedThe special importance of alkali metals and their compounds to the running of a blast furnace has long been known.Nearly 200 years ago, in his work "Traitte de Chemia" (in the section on iron) the eminent chemist I. J. Bercellius was describing the chemical transformations that iron undergoes in metallurgical production. In so doing, he was perhaps the first to have mentioned the remarkable materials that are formed in a blast furnace and that can be seen after the furnace has been blown out. Among these materials in particular are common salt (NaCL), potassium chloride (KC1), and potassium cyanide (KCN).Since that time, the behavior of alkali metals in blast-furnace smelting has been the subject of continuous research throughout the world. The largest study of this subject in our country was the study done (1931)(1932) on the smelting of titanium-magnetite ores in blast furnaces at the Verkhne-Turinsk and Nizhniy Tagil plants with the use of coke obtained from a charge containing additions of common salt (this so-called "salt" coke contained about 5% NaCL). During the heats, from 120 to 250 kg of NaC1 entered the furnace for each ton of pig iron smelted. With the slag having had a basicity (CaO + MgO)/(SiO 2 + A1203) = 0.8 and an Na20 content of 2.8%, furnace operators could not remove more than 50 kg of sodium from the furnace. Most of it was removed through the top along with the top gases. The rest of the sodium accumulated in the furnace, rapidly destroying the lining. Nevertheless, after two trial periods of furnace operation lasting 15 and 10 days, the factories were able to smelt about 2500 tons of vanadium pig iron. M. A. Pavlov was heavily involved in the study of the behavior of alkalis in blast furnaces. In his research conducted during the 1940s, he became probably the first scientist in this country to examine the mechanism of circulation and accumulation of alkali metals during the reactions that form their cyanides and carbonates: K2CO 3 + 4C + N 2 ~ 2KCN + 3CO, Na2CO 3 + 4C + N 2 ~ 2NaCN + 3CO.Moscow State Institute of Steel and Alloys.
В заключении Совета экспертов приводится тактика ведения пациентов с гипертриглицеридемией (ГТГ). Демонстрируется, что ГТГ является распространенным состоянием у пациентов с избыточным весом и важным компонентом остаточного риска. ГТГ создает дополнительные условия для прогрессирования атеросклероза, поэтому уровень триглицеридов рекомендуется измерить у пациентов с высоким, очень высоким и экстремально высоким уровнем сердечно-сосудистого риска. Показанием к назначению препаратов, снижающих концентрацию триглицеридов, является их уровень более 2,3 ммоль/л. Статины являются препаратами выбора для снижения риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у пациентов высокого риска с гиперхолестеринемией и ГТГ. Для коррекции ГТГ применяется фенофибрат, а в случае его непереносимости или при недостижении целевого уровня триглицеридов -омега-3 этиловые эфиры полиненасыщенных жирных кислот в дозе 2-4 г/сут. У пациентов с ГТГ при уровне триглицеридов >5,6 ммоль/л препаратом выбора является фенофибрат.Ключевые слова: гипертриглицеридемия, фенофибрат, омега-3 полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, остаточный риск сердечно-сосудистых осложнений.
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