The emergence of bacteria with antimicrobial resistance traits such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in food-producing animals is a significant public health concern. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence rate, antibiotic susceptibility and the molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in swine from selected swine farms in Peninsular Malaysia. The oral and nasal swabs of 200 live swine were collected. Screening and isolation of S. aureus isolates were carried out using phenotypic identification techniques. The identity of the bacteria isolates was confirmed by detection of nuc gene (S. aureus) and mecA gene (MRSA). Antibiogram of S. aureus against 19 antibiotics was developed using Kirby-Bauer test. Molecular detections of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes as well spa typing of S. aureus was carried out. 25% of swine were carrying S. aureus with 9% being MRSA carriers. S. aureus and MRSA have shown high resistance against clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, oxacillin, penicillin, erythromycin, cefoxitin and amoxicillin/clavulanate. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, including tetK, tetL, tetM, ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA and scn genes were detected. 93% of S. aureus were multiple-drug resistant (MDR), suggesting the emergence of MDR S. aureus in swine in Malaysia.
SUMMARY. During the 2 years 1965–66 1285 cases of mycologically proven dermatophytosis were seen in the Government Dermatological Clinics in Hong Kong. Tinea cruris and corporis were the commonest forms of infection and T. rubrum was the species isolated in 63·7% of cases. T. rubrum infections were unusual in children, and when they occurred were most often seen in infants, in whom the infection runs an acute inflammatory course and responds readily to treatment. In chronic infection in adults lichenification or nodular prurigo are sometimes associated. T. rubrum infection of the groins very frequently spreads to involve perineum and buttocks.
SUMMARY.— A distinctive strain of Trichophyton rubrum has been isolated from 5 patients in Hong Kong. The infections caused by this strain were clinically more inflammatory and responded more rapidly to treatment than infections with the ordinary form of T. rubrum. The mycological characteristics of the Hong Kong strain are described in detail. It is possible that the Hong Kong and the Nigerian strains of T. rubrum are identical. The apparent differences are discussed; only further investigation will establish their significance.
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