RESUMOA taxa de infecção natural de três diferentes espécies de flebotomíneos por Leishmania foi estudada usando a técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase. Primers específicos para Leishmania foram designados para examinar se os pools de flebotomíneos estavam infectadas. Um total de 1.100 fêmeas separadas em pools de 10 indivíduos foram examinados, consistindo de 50 Lutzomyia whitmani, 43 Lutzomyia triacantha e 17 Lutzomyia choti. De todos os pools analisados, 4 de Lutzomyia whitmani estavam positivos, mas nenhum pool das duas espécies restantes estava infectado. Deste modo, uma taxa de infecção de 0,4% foi verificada neste estudo. Esta taxa de infecção associada a estudos anteriores sugere que Lutzomyia whitmani transmite Leishmania aos mamíferos em Buriticupu, Maranhão. Palavras-chaves: Biologia molecular. Flebotomíneos. Leishmania. Lutzomyia whitmani. ABSTRACTThe natural infection rate due to Leishmania was studied in three different sandfly species using the polymerase chain reaction technique. Leishmania specific primers were designed to examine whether sandfly pools were infected. In total 1,100 female sandflies separated into pools of 10 individuals, consisting of 50 pools of Lutzomyia whitmani, 43 of Lutzomyia triacantha and 17 of Lutzomyia choti, were analyzed. Among all the pools examined, four pools of Lutzomyia whitmani were positive, but none of the pools of the other two species were infected. Thus, a total infection rate of 0.4% was established in this study. A similar infection rate was found in previous studies, suggesting that Lutzomyia whitmani transmits Leishmania to mammals in Buriticupu, Maranhão.
The Anophelae species of the municipal district of Pinheiro, Maranhão State, Brazil, were studied, considering their variety, relative abundance, seasonal fluctuation, preference by the peri and intra domiciles as well as the hours of hematophagism. The females were captured using human bait, on a monthly basis from May/1998 to April/1999, from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. A total of 1,321 specimens of 10 species were captured, all belonging to the subgenus Nyssorhynchus. The most frequent species were A. argyritarsis (62%), A. darlingi (21.7%), A. albitarsis (4.5%), A. galvaoi (4.0%), A. triannulatus (3.1%) and A. evansae (2.8%). The species A. nuneztovari, A. braziliensis, A. rondoni and A. strodei together represented 1.9%. The anophelines occurred all year round, with no significant difference in the number of specimens captured between the rainy (51.7%) and dry season (48.3%). The frequency of the females in the peridomicile was significantly higher (p < 0.01) (82%), than in the intradomicile (18%), preferring to suck blood at dusk and in the first hours of the night.
RESUMO -Neste trabalho, a riqueza e a abundância das espécies de Lutzomyia foram estudadas nas matas secundárias de terra firme e de várzea, no município de Paragominas, Estado do Pará. Os fiebotomíneos foram capturados das 18 às 6 horas em armadilhas luminosas CDC. Foram capturados 1.184 exemplares de 32 espécies, sendo 680 machos e 504 fêmeas. Na mata de terra firme foram encontradas 942 espécimens de 31 espécies, sendo as mais comuns L.complexawellcomei (3,3%). As demais espécies representaram juntas 19,2%. Na estação chuvosa a riqueza (24 espécies) e a abundância das espécies (38,8 espécimens/armadilha/noite) foram maiores do que na seca (16 espécies e 13, 83 espécimens/armadilha/noite). Na mata de várzea foram capturados 242 espécimens de 12 espécies, o domínio foi de L. saulensis (46,7%), L.complexa (36%) e L. shawi (7,4%). As demais espécies representaram juntas apenas 9,9%. A riqueza de espécies (9) foi maior na estação chuvosa do que na seca (6), mas a abundância de espécimens foi maior no período seco (6,5 espécimens/ armadilha/noite) do que no chuvoso (5,85 espécimens/armadilha/noite). ABSTRACT -In this work, the richness and relative abundance of species of the genus Lutzomyia, in the "várzea" and "terra firme" secondary forests, in the municipal district of Paragominas, Pará State were studied. The sandflies were captured from 6:00 P.M. to 6:00 A.M. with CDC light-traps. A total of 1,184 specimens and 32 species were captured, being 680 males and 504 females. In the "terra firme" forest 942 specimens of 31 species were captured. L.complexa was the more frequent species, being represented by 41.1% of the captured speci mens, followed, in order of importance by L. corossoniensis L. davisi (3.5%) and L. wellcomei (3.3%). The other species represented 19.2%. In the rainy season the species richness (24) and abundance (38.8 specimens/light-trap/night) were higher than the dry season (16 spe cies and 13.83 specimens/light-trap/night). In the "várzea" forest 242 specimens of 12 species were captured. The dominant species were L. saulensis (46.7%), L.complexa (36%) and L. shawi (7.4%). The others species represented 9.9%. The species richness (9) was higher in the rainy season than the dry season (6), but the specimen abundance was higher in the dry period (6.5 specimens/light-trap/night) than the rainy season (5.85 specimens/light-trap/night). Palavras-chave:
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