Ethanolic leaf extract of Annona senegalensis was studied for acute toxicity and some haematological parameters in albino rats. The method described by Karbar as modified by Aliu and Nwude was used for acute toxicity study in 30 albino rats. One hundred rats were randomly selected into five groups of 20 rats each, that is, groups 1-5, group 1 was the control and groups 2-5 were administered the ethanolic leaf extract for 28 days of the doses of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg respectively and blood samples were collected for the determination of the haematological parameters using standard methods described by Coles and Schalm. The extract was screened for phytochemical and elemental components using standard protocols. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids and flavonoids. The elemental screening revealed the presence of some elements in milligram per kilogram concentration such as 7.202 for iron, 0.893 for copper, 6.637 for magnesium, 0.014 for lead, 0.070 for chromium, 0.057 for cadmium, 0.604 for cobalt, 1.732 for zinc and 2.362 for manganese. The acute toxicity study was 2400 mg/kg which is classified as non label according to the report of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) which means it is tolerable at that level. The prolonged administration of the ethanolic extract showed significant increase (P<0.05) in White Blood Cell (WBC), Red Blood Cell RBC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Haemoglobin concentration (HB), Platelet Count (PLT) and Differential Leucocytes Count (DLC) throughout the duration of the study. In conclusion the ethanolic extract is found to be tolerable and an increase in the haematological parameters in the treated albino rats, thus, has a good immune boosting and treatment of anaemia potentials.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented Jatropha seed meal on growth and reproductive characteristics of rabbit bucks. Thirty (30) (twelve weeks old) cross bred rabbits (American chinchilla × New Zealand white) were used for the experiment. The rabbits were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments replicated three times with two rabbits per replicate in a completely randomised design (CRD). The five experimental diets were compounded using fermented Jatropha seed meal (FJSM) to replace soya bean meal at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%, respectively. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks. Data collected during the feeding trial include final body weight, total weight gain, total feed intake, feed conversion ratio and mortality. At the end of the feeding trial, 3 bucks per treatment were slaughtered and the reproductive organs dissected out for testicular and epididymal morphometrics as well as gonadal sperm assessment. All the data collected during the experiment were subjected to analysis of variance. The result of the growth performance showed that final body weights and total weight gain were highly (P<0.001) influenced by the replacement levels of fermented Jatropha seed meal. Final body weight of buck decreased as the level FJSM increased in the diets. Among the fermented Jatropha seed meal-based diets, rabbit fed T2 (25% FJSM) recorded significant higher (P<0.05) final body weight (2011.10g) than the other group. The results of epididymal and testicular characteristics as well as testicular sperm characteristics were significantly (P<0.001) influenced by replacement levels of FJSM in the diets. It was concluded from this study that feeding rabbit buck with replacement levels of fermented Jatropha seed meal beyond 25% adversely affected growth and reproductive performance. Therefore, it is recommended that fermented Jatropha seed meal at 25% replacement levels can be used in rabbit diets. Cette étude a été menée pour étudier l'effet de la farine fermentée de graines de Jatropha sur la croissance et les caractéristiques reproductrices des mâles lapins. Trente (30) (douze semaines) lapins croisés (chinchilla américain × Nouvelle-Zélande) ont été utilisés pour l'expérience. Les lapins ont été assignés au hasard à cinq traitements diététiques répliqués trois fois avec deux lapins par réplique dans une conception complètement randomisée (le 'CRD'). Les cinq régimes expérimentaux ont été composés utilisant le repas fermenté de graine de Jatropha (le 'FJSM') pour remplacer le repas de haricot de soja à 0, 25, 50, 75 et 100%, respectivement. L'expérience a duré 12 semaines. Les données recueillies au cours del'essai d'alimentation comprennent le poids corporel final, le gain de poids total, la consommation totale d'aliments pour animaux, le ratio de conversion des aliments pour animaux et la mortalité. À la fin de l'essai d'alimentation, 3 dollars par traitement ont été abattus et les organes reproducteurs disséqués pour l'évaluation testiculaire et épididymalmorphométrique ainsi que l'évaluation du sperme gonadal. Toutes les données recueillies au cours de l'expérience ont fait l'objet d'une analyse de la variance. Le résultat de la performance de croissance a prouvé que les poids corporels finaux et le gain total de poids ont été fortement (P<0.001) influencés par les niveaux de remplacement du repas fermenté de graine de Jatropha. Le poids corporel final de buck a diminué pendant que le niveau FJSM augmentait dans les régimes. Parmi les régimes fermentés à base de farine de graines de Jatropha, le T2 nourri au lapin (25 % de 'FJSM') a enregistré un poids corporel final (P<0,05) plus élevé (2011,10 g) que l'autre groupe. Les résultats des caractéristiques épididymales et testiculaires aussi bien que des caractéristiques testiculaires de sperme ont été sensiblement (P<0.001) influencés par des niveaux de remplacement de FJSM dans les régimes. Il a été conclu de cette étude que l'alimentation de l'argent du lapin avec des niveaux de remplacement de farine fermentée de graines de Jatropha au-delà de 25% a nui à la croissance et la performance reproductive. Par conséquent, il est recommandé que le repas fermenté de graine de Jatropha aux niveaux de remplacement de 25% puisse être employé dans des régimes de lapin.
Plants with medicinal properties are frequently used to treat infertility in developing nations like Nigeria. One of such herbs, Annona senegalensis, is traditionally used to treat male fertility issues.The present study investigated its fertility enhancement claims.25 Wister rats divided into 5 groups A – E, were used for the study. Groups B – E were given 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the ethanolic leaf extract respectively while Group A served as control. The extract was administered for 28 days thereafter semen samples from each group were analyzed weekly for 4 weeks. At the 4th week; some enzyme, hormonal and bilirubin assays were carried out. Result showed semen characteristics such as motility, sperm concentration and normal sperm morphology were significantly (P<0.05) increased in treated Groups (B – E). Testosterone increased significantly (P<0.05) in treated Groups compared with Control. While Follicle stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone were lower. AST increased in numerical mean values while ALK reduced compared with the control. ALT varied insignificantly. Bilirubin did not differ significantly. These findings suggest male fertility enhancement potentials as claimed by African folklore medical practices. Hence more studies are recommended to further substantiate and elucidate its pharmacological activities.
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